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The Perl CD Bookshelf, v4.0

Perl In A Nutshell (2nd Edition)

Table of Contents

0.2. Conventions in This Book

0.3. How to Contact Us

0.4. Acknowledgments for the First Edition

0.5. Acknowledgments for the Second Edition

Part I. Getting Started

Chapter 1. Introduction to Perl

1.2. Perl Development

1.3. Which Platforms Support Perl?

1.4. Perl Resources

Chapter 2. Installing Perl

2.2. How Is CPAN Organized?

2.3. Installing Perl

2.4. Getting and Installing Modules

2.5. Documentation

Part II. Language Basics

Chapter 3. The Perl Executable

3.2. Command-Line Options

3.3. Environment Variables

3.4. The Perl Compiler

Chapter 4. The Perl Language

4.2. Data Types and Variables

4.3. Statements

4.4. Special Variables

4.6. Regular Expressions

4.7. Subroutines

4.8. References and Complex Data Structures

4.9. Filehandles

Chapter 5. Function Reference

5.2. Perl Functions in Alphabetical Order

Chapter 6. Debugging

6.2. Debugger Commands

6.3. Using the Debugger

6.4. Customizing the Debugger

6.5. The Perl Profiler

6.6. The perlbug Program

Part III. Modules

Chapter 7. Packages, Modules, and Objects

7.3. Object-Oriented Perl

7.4. Object Syntax

Chapter 8. Standard Modules

8.3. attributes

8.5. AutoLoader

8.25. Benchmark

8.31. ByteLoader

8.41. charnames

8.56. diagnostics

8.59. DirHandle

8.60. Dumpvalue

8.61. DynaLoader

8.111. FileCache

8.112. FileHandle

8.116. GDBM File

8.150. NDBM File

8.166. ODBM File

8.169. overload

8.181. SDBM File

8.183. SelectSaver

8.184. SelfLoader

8.189. Storable

rray, Tie::StdArray

8.228. UNIVERSAL

Chapter 9. CGI Overview

9.2. URL Encoding

9.3. Extra Path Information

9.4. CGI Environment Variables

Chapter 10. The CGI.pm Module

10.2. Importing Method Groups

10.3. Maintaining State

10.4. Named Parameters

10.4. Named Parameters

10.5. Using JavaScript Features

10.6. Debugging

10.7. CGI.pm Reference

Chapter 11. Web Server Programming with mod perl

11.2. Installing mod perl

11.3. mod perl Handlers

11.4. Running CGI Scripts with mod perl

11.5. Server-Side Includes with mod perl

11.6. <Perl> Sections

Part V. Databases

Chapter 12. Databases and Perl

12.2. Design of DBI

12.3. DBI Methods

12.4. DBI Environment Variables

Part VI. XML and SOAP

Chapter 13. XML and Perl

13.3. Expat Handlers

13.5. Expat Encodings

arser::ContentModel Methods

Chapter 14. SOAP

Part VII. Network Programming

Chapter 15. Sockets

Chapter 16. Email Connectivity

16.2. The Mail Modules

Chapter 17. Usenet News

Chapter 18. FTP

Chapter 20. The LWP Library

20.2. The LWP Modules

20.3. The HTTP Modules

20.4. The HTML Modules

20.5. The URI Module

Part IX. Perl/Tk

Chapter 21. Perl/Tk

21.2. Geometry Managers

21.3. Common Widget Configuration Options

21.4. The Button Widget

21.5. The Checkbutton Widget

21.6. The Radiobutton Widget

21.7. The Label Widget

21.8. The Entry Widget

21.9. The Scrollbar Widget

21.10. The Listbox Widget

21.11. The Text Widget

21.12. The Canvas Widget

21.13. The Scale Widget

21.14. The Menubutton Widget

21.15. The Menu Widget

21.16. The Optionmenu Widget

21.17. The Frame Widget

21.18. The Toplevel Widget

Chapter 22. Win32 Modules and Extensions

22.19. Win32 Extensions

Chapter 23. OLE Automation

23.2. Automation Methods and Properties

Chapter 24. ODBC Extension for Win32

Index: Symbols & Numbers

Perl Cookbook (2nd Edition)

Table of Contents

0.2. What's New in This Edition

0.3. Platform Notes

0.4. Other Books

0.5. Conventions Used in This Book

0.6. We'd Like to Hear from You

0.7. Acknowledgments for the First Edition

0.8. Acknowledgments for the Second Edition

Chapter 1. Strings

1.1. Accessing Substrings

1.2. Establishing a Default Value

1.3. Exchanging Values Without Using Temporary Variables

1.4. Converting Between Characters and Values

1.5. Using Named Unicode Characters

1.6. Processing a String One Character at a Time

1.7. Reversing a String by Word or Character

1.8. Treating Unicode Combined Characters as Single Characters

1.9. Canonicalizing Strings with Unicode Combined Characters

1.10. Treating a Unicode String as Octets

1.11. Expanding and Compressing Tabs

1.12. Expanding Variables in User Input

1.13. Controlling Case

1.14. Properly Capitalizing a Title or Headline

1.15. Interpolating Functions and Expressions Within Strings

1.16. Indenting Here Documents

1.17. Reformatting Paragraphs

1.18. Escaping Characters

1.19. Trimming Blanks from the Ends of a String

1.20. Parsing Comma-Separated Data

1.21. Constant Variables

1.22. Soundex Matching

1.23. Program: fixstyle

1.24. Program: psgrep

Chapter 2. Numbers

2.1. Checking Whether a String Is a Valid Number

2.2. Rounding Floating-Point Numbers

2.3. Comparing Floating-Point Numbers

2.4. Operating on a Series of Integers

2.5. Working with Roman Numerals

2.6. Generating Random Numbers

2.7. Generating Repeatable Random Number Sequences

2.8. Making Numbers Even More Random

2.9. Generating Biased Random Numbers

2.10. Doing Trigonometry in Degrees, Not Radians

2.11. Calculating More Trigonometric Functions

2.12. Taking Logarithms

2.13. Multiplying Matrices

2.14. Using Complex Numbers

2.15. Converting Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal Numbers

2.16. Putting Commas in Numbers

2.17. Printing Correct Plurals

2.18. Program: Calculating Prime Factors

Chapter 3. Dates and Times

3.1. Finding Today's Date

3.2. Converting DMYHMS to Epoch Seconds

3.3. Converting Epoch Seconds to DMYHMS

3.4. Adding to or Subtracting from a Date

3.5. Difference of Two Dates

3.6. Day in a Week/Month/Year or Week Number

3.7. Parsing Dates and Times from Strings

3.8. Printing a Date

3.9. High-Resolution Timers

3.10. Short Sleeps

3.11. Program: hopdelta

Chapter 4. Arrays

4.1. Specifying a List in Your Program

4.2. Printing a List with Commas

4.3. Changing Array Size

4.4. Implementing a Sparse Array

4.5. Iterating Over an Array

4.6. Iterating Over an Array by Reference

4.7. Extracting Unique Elements from a List

4.8. Finding Elements in One Array but Not Another

4.9. Computing Union, Intersection, or Difference of Unique Lists

4.10. Appending One Array to Another

4.11. Reversing an Array

4.12. Processing Multiple Elements of an Array

4.13. Finding the First List Element That Passes a Test

4.14. Finding All Elements in an Array Matching Certain Criteria

4.15. Sorting an Array Numerically

4.16. Sorting a List by Computable Field

4.17. Implementing a Circular List

4.18. Randomizing an Array

4.19. Program: words

4.20. Program: permute

Chapter 5. Hashes

5.1. Adding an Element to a Hash

5.2. Testing for the Presence of a Key in a Hash

5.3. Creating a Hash with Immutable Keys or Values

5.4. Deleting from a Hash

5.5. Traversing a Hash

5.6. Printing a Hash

5.7. Retrieving from a Hash in Insertion Order

5.8. Hashes with Multiple Values per Key

5.9. Inverting a Hash

5.10. Sorting a Hash

5.11. Merging Hashes

5.12. Finding Common or Different Keys in Two Hashes

5.13. Hashing References

5.14. Presizing a Hash

5.15. Finding the Most Common Anything

5.16. Representing Relationships Between Data

5.17. Program: dutree

Chapter 6. Pattern Matching

6.1. Copying and Substituting Simultaneously

6.2. Matching Letters

6.3. Matching Words

6.4. Commenting Regular Expressions

6.5. Finding the Nth Occurrence of a Match

6.6. Matching Within Multiple Lines

6.7. Reading Records with a Separator

6.8. Extracting a Range of Lines

6.9. Matching Shell Globs as Regular Expressions

6.10. Speeding Up Interpolated Matches

6.11. Testing for a Valid Pattern

6.12. Honoring Locale Settings in Regular Expressions

6.13. Approximate Matching

6.14. Matching from Where the Last Pattern Left Off

6.15. Greedy and Non-Greedy Matches

6.16. Detecting Doubled Words

6.17. Matching Nested Patterns

6.18. Expressing AND, OR, and NOT in a Single Pattern

6.19. Matching a Valid Mail Address

6.20. Matching Abbreviations

6.21. Program: urlify

6.22. Program: tcgrep

6.23. Regular Expression Grab Bag

Chapter 7. File Access

7.1. Opening a File

7.2. Opening Files with Unusual Filenames

7.3. Expanding Tildes in Filenames

7.4. Making Perl Report Filenames in Error Messages

7.5. Storing Filehandles into Variables

7.6. Writing a Subroutine That Takes Filehandles as Built-ins Do

7.7. Caching Open Output Filehandles

7.8. Printing to Many Filehandles Simultaneously

7.9. Opening and Closing File Descriptors by Number

7.10. Copying Filehandles

7.11. Creating Temporary Files

7.12. Storing a File Inside Your Program Text

7.13. Storing Multiple Files in the DATA Area

7.14. Writing a Unix-Style Filter Program

7.15. Modifying a File in Place with a Temporary File

7.16. Modifying a File in Place with the -i Switch

7.17. Modifying a File in Place Without a Temporary File

7.18. Locking a File

7.19. Flushing Output

7.20. Doing Non-Blocking I/O

7.21. Determining the Number of Unread Bytes

7.22. Reading from Many Filehandles Without Blocking

7.23. Reading an Entire Line Without Blocking

7.24. Program: netlock

7.25. Program: lockarea

Chapter 8. File Contents

8.1. Reading Lines with Continuation Characters

8.2. Counting Lines (or Paragraphs or Records) in a File

8.3. Processing Every Word in a File

8.4. Reading a File Backward by Line or Paragraph

8.5. Trailing a Growing File

8.6. Picking a Random Line from a File

8.7. Randomizing All Lines

8.8. Reading a Particular Line in a File

8.9. Processing Variable-Length Text Fields

8.10. Removing the Last Line of a File

8.11. Processing Binary Files

8.12. Using Random-Access I/O

8.13. Updating a Random-Access File

8.14. Reading a String from a Binary File

8.15. Reading Fixed-Length Records

8.16. Reading Configuration Files

8.17. Testing a File for Trustworthiness

8.18. Treating a File as an Array

8.19. Setting the Default I/O Layers

8.20. Reading or Writing Unicode from a Filehandle

8.21. Converting Microsoft Text Files into Unicode

8.22. Comparing the Contents of Two Files

8.23. Pretending a String Is a File

8.24. Program: tailwtmp

8.25. Program: tctee

8.26. Program: laston

8.27. Program: Flat File Indexes

Chapter 9. Directories

9.1. Getting and Setting Timestamps

9.2. Deleting a File

9.3. Copying or Moving a File

9.4. Recognizing Two Names for the Same File

9.5. Processing All Files in a Directory

9.6. Globbing, or Getting a List of Filenames Matching a Pattern

9.7. Processing All Files in a Directory Recursively

9.8. Removing a Directory and Its Contents

9.9. Renaming Files

9.10. Splitting a Filename into Its Component Parts

9.11. Working with Symbolic File Permissions Instead of Octal Values

9.12. Program: symirror

9.13. Program: lst

Chapter 10. Subroutines

10.1. Accessing Subroutine Arguments

10.2. Making Variables Private to a Function

10.3. Creating Persistent Private Variables

10.4. Determining Current Function Name

10.5. Passing Arrays and Hashes by Reference

10.6. Detecting Return Context

10.7. Passing by Named Parameter

10.7. Passing by Named Parameter

10.8. Skipping Selected Return Values

10.9. Returning More Than One Array or Hash

10.10. Returning Failure

10.11. Prototyping Functions

10.12. Handling Exceptions

10.13. Saving Global Values

10.14. Redefining a Function

10.15. Trapping Undefined Function Calls with AUTOLOAD

10.16. Nesting Subroutines

10.17. Writing a Switch Statement

10.18. Program: Sorting Your Mail

Chapter 11. References and Records

11.1. Taking References to Arrays

11.2. Making Hashes of Arrays

11.3. Taking References to Hashes

11.4. Taking References to Functions

11.5. Taking References to Scalars

11.6. Creating Arrays of Scalar References

11.7. Using Closures Instead of Objects

11.8. Creating References to Methods

11.9. Constructing Records

11.10. Reading and Writing Hash Records to Text Files

11.11. Printing Data Structures

11.12. Copying Data Structures

11.13. Storing Data Structures to Disk

11.14. Transparently Persistent Data Structures

11.15. Coping with Circular Data Structures Using Weak References

11.16. Program: Outlines

11.17. Program: Binary Trees

Chapter 12. Packages, Libraries, and Modules

12.1. Defining a Module's Interface

12.2. Trapping Errors in require or use

12.3. Delaying use Until Runtime

12.4. Making Variables Private to a Module

12.5. Making Functions Private to a Module

12.6. Determining the Caller's Package

12.7. Automating Module Cleanup

12.8. Keeping Your Own Module Directory

12.9. Preparing a Module for Distribution

12.10. Speeding Module Loading with SelfLoader

12.11. Speeding Up Module Loading with Autoloader

12.12. Overriding Built-in Functions

12.13. Overriding a Built-in Function in All Packages

12.14. Reporting Errors and Warnings Like Built-ins

12.15. Customizing Warnings

12.16. Referring to Packages Indirectly

12.17. Using h2ph to Translate C #include Files

12.18. Using h2xs to Make a Module with C Code

12.20. Documenting Your Module with Pod

12.21. Building and Installing a CPAN Module

12.22. Example: Module Template

12.23. Program: Finding Versions and Descriptions of Installed Modules

Chapter 13. Classes, Objects, and Ties

13.1. Constructing an Object

13.2. Destroying an Object

13.3. Managing Instance Data

13.4. Managing Class Data

13.5. Using Classes as Structs

13.6. Cloning Constructors

13.7. Copy Constructors

13.8. Invoking Methods Indirectly

13.9. Determining Subclass Membership

13.10. Writing an Inheritable Class

13.11. Accessing Overridden Methods

13.12. Generating Attribute Methods Using AUTOLOAD

13.13. Coping with Circular Data Structures Using Objects

13.14. Overloading Operators

13.15. Creating Magic Variables with tie

Chapter 14. Database Access

14.1. Making and Using a DBM File

14.2. Emptying a DBM File

14.3. Converting Between DBM Files

14.4. Merging DBM Files

14.5. Sorting Large DBM Files

14.6. Storing Complex Data in a DBM File

14.7. Persistent Data

14.8. Saving Query Results to Excel or CSV

14.9. Executing an SQL Command Using DBI

14.10. Escaping Quotes

14.11. Dealing with Database Errors

14.12. Repeating Queries Efficiently

14.13. Building Queries Programmatically

14.14. Finding the Number of Rows Returned by a Query

14.15. Using Transactions

14.16. Viewing Data One Page at a Time

14.17. Querying a CSV File with SQL

14.18. Using SQL Without a Database Server

14.19. Program: gghGrep Netscape Global History

Chapter 15. Interactivity

15.1. Parsing Program Arguments

15.2. Testing Whether a Program Is Running Interactively

15.3. Clearing the Screen

15.4. Determining Terminal or Window Size

15.5. Changing Text Color

15.6. Reading Single Characters from the Keyboard

15.7. Ringing the Terminal Bell

15.8. Using POSIX termios

15.9. Checking for Waiting Input

15.10. Reading Passwords

15.11. Editing Input

15.12. Managing the Screen

15.13. Controlling Another Program with Expect

15.14. Creating Menus with Tk

15.15. Creating Dialog Boxes with Tk

15.16. Responding to Tk Resize Events

15.17. Removing the DOS Shell Window with Windows Perl/Tk

15.18. Graphing Data

15.19. Thumbnailing Images

15.20. Adding Text to an Image

15.21. Program: Small termcap Program

15.22. Program: tkshufflepod

15.23. Program: graphbox

Chapter 16. Process Management and Communication

16.1. Gathering Output from a Program

16.2. Running Another Program

16.3. Replacing the Current Program with a Different One

16.4. Reading or Writing to Another Program

16.5. Filtering Your Own Output

16.6. Preprocessing Input

16.7. Reading STDERR from a Program

16.8. Controlling Input and Output of Another Program

16.9. Controlling the Input, Output, and Error of Another Program

16.10. Communicating Between Related Processes

16.11. Making a Process Look Like a File with Named Pipes

16.12. Sharing Variables in Different Processes

16.13. Listing Available Signals

16.14. Sending a Signal

16.15. Installing a Signal Handler

16.16. Temporarily Overriding a Signal Handler

16.17. Writing a Signal Handler

16.18. Catching Ctrl-C

16.19. Avoiding Zombie Processes

16.20. Blocking Signals

16.21. Timing Out an Operation

16.22. Turning Signals into Fatal Errors

16.23. Program: sigrand

Chapter 17. Sockets

17.1. Writing a TCP Client

17.2. Writing a TCP Server

17.3. Communicating over TCP

17.4. Setting Up a UDP Client

17.5. Setting Up a UDP Server

17.6. Using Unix Domain Sockets

17.7. Identifying the Other End of a Socket

17.8. Finding Your Own Name and Address

17.9. Closing a Socket After Forking

17.10. Writing Bidirectional Clients

17.11. Forking Servers

17.12. Pre-Forking Servers

17.13. Non-Forking Servers

17.14. Multitasking Server with Threads

17.15. Writing a Multitasking Server with POE

17.16. Writing a Multihomed Server

17.17. Making a Daemon Server

17.18. Restarting a Server on Demand

17.19. Managing Multiple Streams of Input

17.20. Program: backsniff

17.21. Program: fwdport

Chapter 18. Internet Services

18.1. Simple DNS Lookups

18.2. Being an FTP Client

18.3. Sending Mail

18.4. Reading and Posting Usenet News Messages

18.5. Reading Mail with POP3

18.6. Simulating Telnet from a Program

18.7. Pinging a Machine

18.8. Accessing an LDAP Server

18.9. Sending Attachments in Mail

18.10. Extracting Attachments from Mail

18.11. Writing an XML-RPC Server

18.12. Writing an XML-RPC Client

18.13. Writing a SOAP Server

18.14. Writing a SOAP Client

18.15. Program: rfrm

18.16. Program: expn and vrfy

Chapter 19. CGI Programming

19.1. Writing a CGI Script

19.2. Redirecting Error Messages

19.3. Fixing a 500 Server Error

19.4. Writing a Safe CGI Program

19.5. Executing Commands Without Shell Escapes

19.6. Formatting Lists and Tables with HTML Shortcuts

19.7. Redirecting to a Different Location

19.8. Debugging the Raw HTTP Exchange

19.9. Managing Cookies

19.10. Creating Sticky Widgets

19.11. Writing a Multiscreen CGI Script

19.12. Saving a Form to a File or Mail Pipe

19.13. Program: chemiserie

Chapter 20. Web Automation

20.1. Fetching a URL from a Perl Script

20.2. Automating Form Submission

20.3. Extracting URLs

20.4. Converting ASCII to HTML

20.5. Converting HTML to ASCII

20.6. Extracting or Removing HTML Tags

20.7. Finding Stale Links

20.8. Finding Fresh Links

20.9. Using Templates to Generate HTML

20.10. Mirroring Web Pages

20.11. Creating a Robot

20.12. Parsing a Web Server Log File

20.13. Processing Server Logs

20.14. Using Cookies

20.15. Fetching Password-Protected Pages

20.16. Fetching https:// Web Pages

20.17. Resuming an HTTP GET

20.18. Parsing HTML

20.19. Extracting Table Data

20.20. Program: htmlsub

20.21. Program: hrefsub

Chapter 21. mod perl

21.1. Authenticating

21.2. Setting Cookies

21.3. Accessing Cookie Values

21.4. Redirecting the Browser

21.5. Interrogating Headers

21.6. Accessing Form Parameters

21.6. Accessing Form Parameters

21.7. Receiving Uploaded Files

21.8. Speeding Up Database Access

21.9. Customizing Apache's Logging

21.10. Transparently Storing Information in URLs

21.11. Communicating Between mod perl and PHP

21.12. Migrating from CGI to mod perl

21.13. Sharing Information Between Handlers

21.14. Reloading Changed Modules

21.15. Benchmarking a mod perl Application

21.17. Templating with Template Toolkit

Chapter 22. XML

22.1. Parsing XML into Data Structures

22.2. Parsing XML into a DOM Tree

22.3. Parsing XML into SAX Events

22.4. Making Simple Changes to Elements or Text

22.5. Validating XML

22.6. Finding Elements and Text Within an XML Document

22.7. Processing XML Stylesheet Transformations

22.8. Processing Files Larger Than Available Memory

22.9. Reading and Writing RSS Files

22.10. Writing XML

Index: Symbols & Numbers

Learning Perl (3rd Edition)

Table of Contents

0.2. How to Contact Us

0.3. Code Examples

0.4. History of This Book

0.5. Acknowledgments

Chapter 1. Introduction

1.2. What Does "Perl" Stand For?

1.3. How Can I Get Perl?

1.4. How Do I Make a Perl Program?

1.5. A Whirlwind Tour of Perl

Chapter 2. Scalar Data

2.4. Perl's Built-in Warnings

2.5. Scalar Variables

2.6. Output with print

2.7. The if Control Structure

2.8. Getting User Input

2.9. The chomp Operator

2.10. The while Control Structure

2.11. The undef Value

2.12. The defined Function

2.13. Exercises

Chapter 3. Lists and Arrays

3.2. Special Array Indices

3.3. List Literals

3.4. List Assignment

3.5. Interpolating Arrays into Strings

3.6. The foreach Control Structure

3.7. Perl's Favorite Default: $

3.8. Scalar and List Context

3.9. <STDIN> in List Context

3.10. Exercises

Chapter 4. Subroutines

4.2. Defining a Subroutine

4.3. Invoking a Subroutine

4.4. Return Values

4.6. Private Variables in Subroutines

4.7. The local Operator

4.8. Variable-length Parameter Lists

4.8. Variable-length Parameter Lists

4.9. Notes on Lexical (my) Variables

4.10. The use strict Pragma

4.11. The return Operator

4.12. Exercises

Chapter 5. Hashes

5.2. Hash Element Access

5.3. Hash Functions

5.4. Typical Use of a Hash

Chapter 6. I/O Basics

6.2. Input from the Diamond Operator

6.3. The Invocation Arguments

6.4. Output to Standard Output

6.5. Formatted Output with printf

Chapter 7. Concepts of Regular Expressions

7.2. Using Simple Patterns

7.3. A Pattern Test Program

Chapter 8. More About Regular Expressions

8.2. General Quantifiers

8.4. Memory Parentheses

8.5. Precedence

Chapter 9. Using Regular Expressions

9.2. Option Modifiers

9.3. The Binding Operator,=~

9.4. Interpolating into Patterns

9.5. The Match Variables

9.6. Substitutions with s///

9.7. The split Operator

9.8. The join Function

Chapter 10. More Control Structures

10.2. The until Control Structure

10.3. Expression Modifiers

10.4. The Naked Block Control Structure

10.5. The elsif Clause

10.6. Autoincrement and Autodecrement

10.7. The for Control Structure

10.8. Loop Controls

10.9. Logical Operators

10.10. Exercise

Chapter 11. Filehandles and File Tests

11.2. Opening a Filehandle

11.3. Fatal Errors with die

11.4. Using Filehandles

11.5. Reopening a Standard Filehandle

11.6. File Tests

11.7. Exercises

Chapter 12. Directory Operations

12.3. An Alternate Syntax for Globbing

12.4. Directory Handles

12.5. Recursive Directory Listing

12.6. Exercises

Chapter 13. Manipulating Files and Directories

13.2. Renaming Files

13.3. Links and Files

13.4. Making and Removing Directories

13.5. Modifying Permissions

13.6. Changing Ownership

13.7. Changing Timestamps

13.8. Using Simple Modules

13.9. Exercises

Chapter 14. Process Management

14.2. The exec Function

14.3. The Environment Variables

14.4. Using Backquotes to Capture Output

14.5. Processes as Filehandles

14.6. Getting Down and Dirty with Fork

14.7. Sending and Receiving Signals

14.8. Exercises

Chapter 15. Strings and Sorting

15.2. Manipulating a Substring with substr

15.3. Formatting Data with sprintf

15.4. Advanced Sorting

15.5. Exercises

Chapter 16. Simple Databases

16.2. Manipulating Data with pack and unpack

16.3. Fixed-length Random-access Databases

16.4. Variable-length (Text) Databases

16.5. Exercises

Chapter 17. Some Advanced Perl Techniques

17.2. Picking Items from a List with grep

17.3. Transforming Items from a List with map

17.4. Unquoted Hash Keys

17.5. More Powerful Regular Expressions

Appendix A. Exercise Answers

A.2. Answers to Chapter 3 Exercises

A.3. Answers to Chapter 4 Exercises

A.4. Answers to Chapter 5 Exercises

A.5. Answers to Chapter 6 Exercises

A.6. Answers to Chapter 7 Exercises

A.7. Answers to Chapter 8 Exercises

A.8. Answers to Chapter 9 Exercises

A.9. Answer to Chapter 10 Exercise

A.10. Answers to Chapter 11 Exercises

A.11. Answers to Chapter 12 Exercises

A.12. Answers to Chapter 13 Exercises

A.13. Answers to Chapter 14 Exercises

A.14. Answers to Chapter 15 Exercises

A.15. Answers to Chapter 16 Exercises

A.16. Answer to Chapter 17 Exercises

Appendix B. Beyond the Llama

B.2. Regular expressions

B.4. Extending Perl's Functionality

B.5. Some Important Modules

B.8. Other Operators and Functions

B.9. Mathematics

B.10. Lists and Arrays

B.11. Bits and Pieces

B.13. Networking and IPC

B.15. Debugging

B.16. The Common Gateway Interface (CGI)

B.17. Command-Line Options

B.18. Built in Variables

B.19. Syntax Extensions

B.20. References

B.21. Tied Variables

B.22. Operator Overloading

B.23. Dynamic Loading

B.24. Embedding

B.25. Converting Other Languages to Perl

B.26. Converting find Command Lines to Perl

B.27. Command-line Options in Your Programs

B.28. Embedded Documentation

B.29. More Ways to Open Filehandles

B.30. Locales and Unicode

B.31. Threads and Forking

B.32. Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)

B.33. And More...

Index: Symbols & Numbers

Programming Perl (3rd Edition)

Table of Contents

0.2. What's New in This Edition

0.3. The Standard Distribution

0.4. Online Documentation

0.5. Offline Documentation

0.6. Additional Resources

0.7. Conventions Used in This Book

0.8. Acknowledgments

0.9. We'd Like to Hear from You

Part I. Overview

Chapter 1. An Overview of Perl

1.2. Natural and Artificial Languages

1.3. An Average Example

1.4. Filehandles

1.6. Control Structures

1.7. Regular Expressions

1.8. List Processing

1.9. What You Don't Know Won't Hurt You (Much)

Part II. The Gory Details

Chapter 2. Bits and Pieces

2.3. Built-in Data Types

2.6. Scalar Values

2.8. List Values and Arrays

2.10. Typeglobs and Filehandles

2.11. Input Operators

Chapter 3. Unary and Binary Operators

3.2. The Arrow Operator

3.3. Autoincrement and Autodecrement

3.4. Exponentiation

3.5. Ideographic Unary Operators

3.6. Binding Operators

3.7. Multiplicative Operators

3.8. Additive Operators

3.9. Shift Operators

3.10. Named Unary and File Test Operators

3.11. Relational Operators

3.12. Equality Operators

3.13. Bitwise Operators

3.14. C-Style Logical (Short-Circuit) Operators

3.15. Range Operator

3.16. Conditional Operator

3.17. Assignment Operators

3.18. Comma Operators

3.19. List Operators (Rightward)

3.20. Logical and, or, not, and xor

3.21. C Operators Missing from Perl

Chapter 4. Statements and Declarations

4.2. Compound Statements

4.3. if and unless Statements

4.4. Loop Statements

4.5. Bare Blocks

4.7. Global Declarations

4.8. Scoped Declarations

Chapter 5. Pattern Matching

5.2. Pattern-Matching Operators

5.3. Metacharacters and Metasymbols

5.4. Character Classes

5.5. Quantifiers

5.7. Capturing and Clustering

5.8. Alternation

5.9. Staying in Control

5.10. Fancy Patterns

Chapter 6. Subroutines

6.3. Passing References

6.4. Prototypes

6.5. Subroutine Attributes

Chapter 7. Formats

Chapter 8. References

8.2. Creating References

8.3. Using Hard References

8.4. Symbolic References

8.5. Braces, Brackets, and Quoting

Chapter 9. Data Structures

9.2. Hashes of Arrays

9.3. Arrays of Hashes

9.4. Hashes of Hashes

9.5. Hashes of Functions

9.6. More Elaborate Records

9.7. Saving Data Structures

Chapter 10. Packages

10.2. Autoloading

Chapter 11. Modules

11.2. Creating Modules

11.3. Overriding Built-in Functions

Chapter 12. Objects

12.2. Perl's Object System

12.3. Method Invocation

12.4. Object Construction

12.5. Class Inheritance

12.6. Instance Destructors

12.7. Managing Instance Data

12.8. Managing Class Data

Chapter 13. Overloading

13.2. Overload Handlers

13.3. Overloadable Operators

13.4. The Copy Constructor (=)

13.5. When an Overload Handler Is Missing (nomethod and fallback)

13.6. Overloading Constants

13.7. Public Overload Functions

13.8. Inheritance and Overloading

13.9. Run-Time Overloading

13.10. Overloading Diagnostics

Chapter 14. Tied Variables

14.2. Tying Arrays

14.3. Tying Hashes

14.4. Tying Filehandles

14.5. A Subtle Untying Trap

14.6. Tie Modules on CPAN

Part III. Perl as Technology

Chapter 15. Unicode

15.2. Effects of Character Semantics

15.3. Caution, <img src="figs/ren2_bold.gif"> Working

Chapter 16. Interprocess Communication

16.4. System V IPC

Chapter 17. Threads

17.2. The Thread Model

Chapter 18. Compiling

18.2. Compiling Your Code

18.3. Executing Your Code

18.4. Compiler Backends

18.5. Code Generators

18.6. Code Development Tools

18.7. Avant-Garde Compiler, Retro Interpreter

Chapter 19. The Command-Line Interface

19.2. Environment Variables

Chapter 20. The Perl Debugger

20.2. Debugger Commands

20.3. Debugger Customization

20.4. Unattended Execution

20.5. Debugger Support

20.6. The Perl Profiler

Chapter 21. Internals and Externals

21.2. Internal Data Types

21.3. Extending Perl (Using C from Perl)

21.4. Embedding Perl (Using Perl from C)

21.5. The Moral of the Story

Part IV. Perl as Culture

Chapter 22. CPAN

22.2. Using CPAN Modules

22.3. Creating CPAN Modules

Chapter 23. Security

23.2. Handling Timing Glitches

23.3. Handling Insecure Code

Chapter 24. Common Practices

24.2. Efficiency

24.3. Programming with Style

24.4. Fluent Perl

24.5. Program Generation

Chapter 25. Portable Perl

25.2. Endianness and Number Width

25.3. Files and Filesystems

25.4. System Interaction

25.5. Interprocess Communication (IPC)

25.6. External Subroutines (XS)

25.7. Standard Modules

25.8. Dates and Times

25.9. Internationalization

Chapter 26. Plain Old Documentation

26.2. Pod Translators and Modules

26.3. Writing Your Own Pod Tools

26.4. Pod Pitfalls

26.5. Documenting Your Perl Programs

Chapter 27. Perl Culture

27.2. Perl Poetry

Part V. Reference Material

Chapter 28. Special Names

28.2. Special Variables in Alphabetical Order

Chapter 29. Functions

29.2. Perl Functions in Alphabetical Order

Chapter 30. The Standard Perl Library

30.2. A Tour of the Perl Library

Chapter 31. Pragmatic Modules

31.2. use autouse

31.5. use bytes

31.6. use charnames

31.7. use constant

31.8. use diagnostics

31.9. use fields

31.10. use filetest

31.11. use integer

31.12. use less

31.14. use locale

31.15. use open

31.16. use overload

31.18. use sigtrap

31.19. use strict

31.20. use subs

31.21. use vars

31.22. use warnings

Chapter 32. Standard Modules

32.2. Benchmark

32.12. Dumpvalue

32.15. Exporter

32.26. FileHandle

Chapter 33. Diagnostic Messages

Index: Symbols and Numbers

Learning Perl Objects, References and Modules (1st Edition)

Table of Contents

0.2. Conventions Used in This Book

0.3. Comments and Questions

0.4. Acknowledgments

Chapter 1. Introduction

1.2. What About All Those Footnotes?

1.3. What's with the Exercises?

1.4. What if I'm a Perl Course Instructor?

Chapter 2. Building Larger Programs

2.2. Inserting Code with eval

2.4. Using require

2.5. require and @INC

2.6. The Problem of Namespace Collisions

2.7. Packages as Namespace Separators

2.8. Scope of a Package Directive

2.9. Packages and Lexicals

2.10. Exercises

Chapter 3. Introduction to References

3.2. Taking a Reference to an Array

3.3. Dereferencing the Array Reference

3.4. Dropping Those Braces

3.5. Modifying the Array

3.6. Nested Data Structures

3.7. Simplifying Nested Element References with Arrows

3.8. References to Hashes

Chapter 4. References and Scoping

4.2. What if That Was the Name?

4.3. Reference Counting and Nested Data Structures

4.4. When Reference Counting Goes Bad

4.5. Creating an Anonymous Array Directly

4.6. Creating an Anonymous Hash

4.7. Autovivification

4.8. Autovivification and Hashes

Chapter 5. Manipulating Complex Data Structures

5.3. Storing Complex Data with Storable

5.4. The map and grep Operators

5.6. Applying a Bit of Indirection

5.7. Selecting and Altering Complex Data

Chapter 6. Subroutine References

6.2. Anonymous Subroutines

6.5. Returning a Subroutine from a Subroutine

6.6. Closure Variables as Inputs

6.7. Closure Variables as Static Local Variables

Chapter 7. Practical Reference Tricks

7.2. Sorting with Indices

7.3. Sorting Efficiently

7.4. The Schwartzian Transform

7.5. Recursively Defined Data

7.6. Building Recursively Defined Data

7.7. Displaying Recursively Defined Data

Chapter 8. Introduction to Objects

8.2. Introducing the Method Invocation Arrow

8.3. The Extra Parameter of Method Invocation

8.3. The Extra Parameter of Method Invocation

8.4. Calling a Second Method to Simplify Things

8.5. A Few Notes About @ISA

8.6. Overriding the Methods

8.7. Starting the Search from a Different Place

8.8. The SUPER Way of Doing Things

8.9. What to Do with @

8.10. Where We Are So Far...

8.11. Exercises

Chapter 9. Objects with Data

9.2. Invoking an Instance Method

9.3. Accessing the Instance Data

9.4. How to Build a Horse

9.5. Inheriting the Constructor

9.6. Making a Method Work with Either Classes or Instances

9.7. Adding Parameters to a Method

9.7. Adding Parameters to a Method

9.8. More Interesting Instances

9.9. A Horse of a Different Color

9.10. Getting Your Deposit Back

9.11. Don't Look Inside the Box

9.12. Faster Getters and Setters

9.13. Getters That Double as Setters

9.14. Restricting a Method to Class-Only or Instance-Only

Chapter 10. Object Destruction

10.2. Beating a Dead Horse

10.3. Indirect Object Notation

10.4. Additional Instance Variables in Subclasses

10.5. Using Class Variables

10.6. Weakening the Argument

Chapter 11. Some Advanced Object Topics

11.2. Testing Your Objects for Good Behavior

11.3. AUTOLOAD as a Last Resort

11.4. Using AUTOLOAD for Accessors

11.5. Creating Getters and Setters More Easily

11.6. Multiple Inheritance

11.7. References to Filehandles

Chapter 12. Using Modules

12.2. Selecting What to Import

12.5. The Differences Between OO and Non-OO Modules

12.6. What use Is Doing

12.7. Setting the Path at the Right Time

12.8. Importing with Exporter

12.9. @EXPORT and @EXPORT OK

12.10. Exporting in a Primarily OO Module

12.11. Custom Import Routines

12.12. Exercise

Chapter 13. Writing a Distribution

13.2. Looking at the Templates

13.3. The Prototype Module Itself

13.4. Embedded Documentation

13.5. Controlling the Distribution with Makefile.PL

13.6. Alternate Installation Locations (PREFIX=...)

13.7. Trivial make test

13.8. Trivial make install

13.9. Trivial make dist

13.10. Using the Alternate Library Location

13.11. Exercise

Chapter 14. Essential Testing

14.4. Conditional Tests

14.5. More Complex Tests (Multiple Test Scripts)

14.6. Testing Things That Write to STDOUT and STDERR

Chapter 15. Contributing to CPAN

15.2. Getting Prepared

15.3. Preparing Your Distribution

15.4. Uploading Your Distribution

15.5. Announcing the Module

15.6. Testing on Multiple Platforms

15.7. Consider Writing an Article or Giving a Talk

Appendix A. Answers to Exercises

A.2. Answers for Chapter 3

A.3. Answers for Chapter 4

A.4. Answers for Chapter 5

A.5. Answer for Chapter 6

A.6. Answers for Chapter 7

A.7. Answers for Chapter 8

A.8. Answer for Chapter 9

A.9. Answer for Chapter 10

A.10. Answer for Chapter 11

A.11. Answer for Chapter 12

A.12. Answers for Chapters 13-15

Index: Symbols & Numbers

Mastering Regular Expressions (2nd Edition)

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Index: Symbols & Numbers

توضیحات

افزودن یادداشت جدید

8.225. Time::Local

Provides routines that take the time
and return the number of seconds elapsed between January 1, 1970 and
the specified time. The arguments are defined like the corresponding
arguments returned by Perl's
gmtime and localtime functions
and the results agree with the results of those functions. Exports
two functions; both return -1 if the integer limit
is hit. On most machines, this applies to dates after January 1,
2038.

timegm

$time = timegm(sec, min, hours, mday, mon, year)

Converts from Greenwich time.

$time = timelocal(sec, min, hours, mday, mon, year)

Converts from local time.


8.224. Time::HiRes		8.226. Time::localtime

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