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32.15. Exporter
Inside your MyModule.pm file:
package MyModule;
use strict;
use Exporter;
our $VERSION = 1.00; # Or higher...
our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
our @EXPORT = qw(f1 %h); # Symbols imported by default.
our @EXPORT_OK = qw(f2 f3); # Symbols imported only by request.
our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( # Mappings for :shortcuts.
a => [qw(f1 f2 f3)],
b => [qw(f2 %h)],
);
# Your code here.
1;
From a program or another module that makes use of your module:
use MyModule; # Import everything in @EXPORT.
use MyModule (); # Load module, no imports at all.
use MyModule "f1", "f2", "%h"; # Two subs and a variable.
use MyModule qw(:DEFAULT f3); # All in @EXPORT + one sub.
use MyModule "f4"; # Fatal because f4 not exported.
Whenever anyone invokes a use declaration to load your module,
it calls the import method from your module to fetch any symbols
it needs into the package of the invoker. Your module (the one doing
the exporting) can define the import method any way it pleases, but
the standard way is to inherit the method from the
Exporter class module. That is what the code above arranges.The Exporter module serves as a base class for modules that wish to
establish their own exports. Oddly, object-oriented modules typically
don't use Exporter, since they don't normally export anything
(method calls don't need to be exported). However, the Exporter
module itself is accessed in an OO fashion because of the @ISA array
you installed, as in our example. When another program or module
uses your module, the import method is invoked as a class method
in your module: MyModule->import(LIST). However, since you
didn't define an import method in your module, you'll automatically
make use of the Exporter::import method through inheritance.The module's @EXPORT array contains a list of symbols (functions
and even variables) that the calling code automatically imports
with an unadorned use statement. The @EXPORT_OK array holds
symbols that can be imported if specifically requested by name.
The $VERSION number is consulted if the use statement requests
that a particular version (or newer) of the module. Many, many other features
are available. See Chapter 11, "Modules", as well as the
online manpage for the Exporter module.