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Performance Tuning for Linux Servers [Electronic resources] - نسخه متنی

Sandra K. Johnson

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Table of Contents

On Demand Computing Books

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Acknowledgments

About the Editors

About the Contributors

Part I. Linux Overview

Chapter ONE. Linux Installation Issues

Preinstallation Planning

Configurable 2.6 Kernel Features

Linux Logging Facility

System Initialization: BSD Versus System V Initialization

Chapter TWO. Kernel Overview

The Evolution of Linux

Linux Kernel Architecture

Process Management

Interprocess Communications

The Linux Symmetrical Multiprocessing (SMP) Model

New Features in Linux 2.6

Chapter THREE. Overview of Server Architectures

Processors and Multiprocessing

Linux Enterprise Servers

Examples of Server Systems

Part II. Performance Analysis Tools

Chapter FOUR. System Performance Monitoring

Background on Linux and Performance Analysis

CPU Utilization

Memory Utilization

I/O Utilization

Network Utilization

Chapter FIVE. System Trace Tools

Requirements for System Tracing

The top Utility

Performance Inspector

Chapter SIX. Benchmarks as an Aid to Understanding Workload Performance

Benchmarking to Improve Your Workload

What Types of Benchmarks Are There?

Microbenchmarks

Web Server Benchmarks

Part III. System Tuning

Chapter SEVEN. System Performance Principles and Strategy: A Benchmarking Methodology Case Study

Performance Evaluation Methodologies

Benchmarking Methodology Case Study

Analysis Methodology

Acknowledgments

Chapter EIGHT. Scheduler Tuning

Single-Processor Systems

Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)

Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA)

Symmetric Multithreading (SMT)

The 2.6 Linux Scheduler

Tunable Parts of the Scheduler

Chapter NINE. The Linux Virtual MemoryPerformance Implications

Memory and Address Space

High-Memory Support

Paging and Swapping

The Linux Page Tables

New Features in Linux 2.6

Chapter TEN. I/O SubsystemsPerformance Implications

I/O Scheduling and the Block I/O (BIO) Layer

Read and Write Request Batches

Read Anticipation Heuristic

I/O Components That Affect Performance

Addressing an I/O Device

Chapter ELEVEN. File System Tuning

File System Fundamentals

Journaled File Systems

Disks Factor into File System Performance

Fragmenting a File System

File Synchronization

bdflush Parameters

bdflush Parameters

Asynchronous Input and Output

Journaled File System (JFS)

Next-Generation File System (XFS)

Chapter TWELVE. Network Tuning

The Network Protocol Stack

Kernel Parameter Tuning Mechanisms

Kernel Parameter Tuning Mechanisms

Kernel Auto Tuning

Core Kernel Parameter Descriptions

Core Kernel Parameter Descriptions

TCP/IPv4 Protocol Kernel Parameters

TCP/IPv4 Protocol Kernel Parameters

Chapter THIRTEEN. Interprocess Communication

What Is Interprocess Communication?

Linux SysV IPC Resources and the ipcs Command

Semaphore Parameters

Semaphore Parameters

Message Queue Parameters

Message Queue Parameters

Shared Memory Segment Parameters

Shared Memory Segment Parameters

Dynamically Modifying the Configurable IPC Parameters

Dynamically Modifying the Configurable IPC Parameters

Configuring IPC Parameters Statically

Configuring IPC Parameters Statically

Chapter FOURTEEN. Code Tuning

General Principles

Profiling to Understand the Application

Compiler Options as Tuning Tools

Algorithm: Achieving Performance Through Design Choices

Part IV. Performance Characterization of Linux Server Applications

Chapter FIFTEEN. Web Servers

HTTP Requests and Responses

Network Behavior of a Web Server

Anatomy of a Web Server Transaction

Different Models of Web Servers

Tuning Web Servers

Chapter SIXTEEN. File and Print Servers

Types of Dedicated Network Storage Servers

Optimizing the Performance of Network Storage

Chapter SEVENTEEN. Database Servers

Overview of Database Architectures

Database Tuning Areas to Consider

Process Management

Memory Management

Chapter EIGHTEEN. Application Servers

The Application Server Defined

Java, J2EE, and Application Servers

Performance Characterization of Application Servers

Improving Performance and High Availability

Part V. Tuning Case Studies

Chapter NINETEEN. Case Study: Tuning the I/O Schedulers in Linux 2.6

Benchmark Environment and Workload Profiles

I/O Schedulers and Performance

Single-CPU Single-Disk Setup

8-Way RAID-5 Setup

16-Way RAID-0 Setup

AS Sequential Read Performance

AS Versus Deadline Performance

CFQ Performance

Chapter TWENTY. Case Study: File System Tuning

Analyzing File Layout

Tuning File Systems

Chapter TWENTY-ONE. Case Study: Network Performance on Linux

Benchmarks Used in This Case Study

Enhancements in the Linux 2.4 and 2.6 Kernels

Chapter TWENTY-TWO. Case Study: Commercial Workload Tuning

Overview of Commercial Workload Tuning

Standard Commercial Workload Model for J2EE

Our Commercial Workload Model: Stock Trading

The Performance Analysis Exercise

Appendix A. Tuning Kernel Parameters

Appendix A. Tuning Kernel Parameters

The sysctl Interface

The procfs Interface

sysfs (Linux Kernel 2.6 Only)

General Kernel Parameters

General Kernel Parameters

توضیحات

افزودن یادداشت جدید

Summary

Linux has multiple I/O schedulers and tunables. Our discussions of Linux I/O scheduling and the BIO layer, and factors that affect overall system performance, will help you make important tuning decisions for your system.