Second Period: From 13 up to 19 Century - Woman [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

Second Period: From 13 up to 19 Century

This period started with criticism and refutation; that is some were engaged in criticising some of religious and traditional beliefs concerning the woman and religious scholars took efforts in verifying and manifesting religious views. This era commenced in the 13th Hijrah century contemporaneously with Muslims' joining the Western world. In other words it started with sociopolitical movements of women during the first decade of the twentieth century in North America, Europe, Asia and Middle East.

Qaasim Ameen wrote a book in 1899 calling it Tahreer AlMar'ah, in which he analysed and criticised some religious issues concerning women. And his other book which was brought out under the title of AlMar'ah AlJadeedah in the year 1901, following the same course.
It is said that 'Itisaam AlMulk translated the book Tahreer AlMar'ah into Persian in 1900, under the title Tarbiyate Niswan. ²¹³

In Iran these conversations turned serious from constitutional revolution up to date, although before it some new questions and issues were set forth for discussion by some women like Bibi Khanum Astrabaadi, the author of Ma'ayib ArRijaal in refutation of Ta'deeb AnNiswah "13121894AD.", and daughter of Nasir AdDeen Shah Taj AsSaltanah the writer of Khatirat Taj AsSaltanah.

Third Period: From 19th Century & Upwards

Books

Out from this date upwards the main religious works and articles have been written and compiled in Iran and Arab Muslim countries. As an example, we can name some of these writings that appeared in Iran:

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213. Journal of Neema Digar, issue no. 1, winter 1992, p. 9.