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8.3 The rpm Command
RPM packages are built, installed,
uninstalled, and queried with the rpm command. Like other command-line
facilities, the rpm command gives
you almost complete control over its operation. So, you can use the
rpm command to accomplish feats not
possible using the package management tool. For instance, you can use
the rpm command to install or remove
individual packages, install packages from non-Red Hat media, and
install packages other than those built by Red Hat. On the other
hand, the rpm command is sometimes
much less convenient to use than the package management tool. So, Red
Hat Linux lets you use either the GUI or command line, according to
your need and preference.
rpm has several modes, each with its
own options. The general format of the rpm command is:
rpm [options ] [packages ]
The first option generally specifies the rpm mode (e.g., install, query, update, build,
etc.); any remaining options pertain to the specified mode.
The rpm command has built-in FTP and
HTTP clients. So, you can specify an ftp:// or http:// URL to identify an RPM package stored
on a remote host.
Unless the system administrator has specially configured the system,
any user can query the RPM database. Most other RPM functions require
root privileges. Strictly speaking, it's not
necessary for you log in as root to install an
RPM package; however, your user account must be authorized to access
and modify the files and directories required by the package,
including the RPM database itself. Generally, the easiest way to
ensure such access is by logging in as root.
8.3.1 General rpm Options
The following rpm options can be
used with all modes:
-- dbpath path
Use path as the path to the RPM database.
-- ftpport port
Use port as the FTP port.
-- ftpproxy host
Use host as a proxy server for all transfers.
Specified if you are FTPing through a firewall system that uses a
proxy.
-- help
Print a long usage message (running rpm with no options gives a shorter usage
message).
-- justdb
Update only the database; don't change any files.
-- pipe command
Pipe the rpm output to
command.
-- quiet
Display only error messages.
-- rcfile filename
Use filename, instead of the system
configuration file /etc/rpmrc or
$HOME/.rpmrc, as the configuration file.
-- root dir
Perform all operations within directory dir.
-- version
Print the version number of rpm.
-vv
Print debugging information.
