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UNDERSTANDING THE IIS WEB SERVER
IIS includes a robust Web server designed to host both internal intranets and public Internet sites. It works closely with many development tools such as Microsoft's FrontPage. Specific IIS components such as FTP and SMPT are not automatically installed and must be selected through the Windows Components Wizard.
Administering IIS Web Services
In this section we explore the major administrative aspects associated with host Web services under IIS. One of the best methods of illustrating the ease of IIS operation is to create and configure a Web site.
CREATING A WEB SITE USING IIS
Here we assume that Web pages have been created with a product such as FrontPage and are ready to be loaded on the Web server for intranet or Internet exposure. Follow these steps to create the site itself:
Open the Internet Information Services snap-in.Right-click Default Web Server, select New, and then Site. The initial Web Site Creation Wizard screen is displayed (Figure 16.3).
Figure 16.3. The Web Site Creation Wizard
Figure 16.4. The IP Address and Port Settings Dialog Box
Figure 16.5. Web Site Access Permissions
BASIC WEB SITE ADMINISTRATION
Basic Web site administration can be illustrated by a walk-through of some activities available from the Internet Information Services snap-in.
Opening or Exploring Components and Browse
To view the component parts of a Web site, use either of the methods described in these steps:
Open the Internet Information Services snap-in.Right-click the desired Web site and select Open or Explore.Either the My Computer view or the Explorer view of the contents will be displayed. To browse a Web site from the Internet Information Services snap-in, follow steps 1 and 2. Then, in My Computer or Explorer, select Browse.
Using the Web Site Permissions Wizard
Permissions for a site are set with the Permissions Wizard as follows:
Open the Internet Information Services snap-in.Right-click the desired Web site, select All Tasks, and select Permissions Wizard.In the first dialog box, select either that the permissions should be inherited from a parent Web site or virtual directory or that new permissions be established. If you select the default inherited permissions, a confirmation box (Figure 16.6) lists the settings. If this is satisfactory, select Next, and then Finish to complete the task. If you need to set other permissions that are not represented by that parent Web site or virtual directory, select Cancel and repeat the process.
Figure 16.6. The Default Inherited Permissions Information Box
Figure 16.7. Secure Site Default Permissions
CONFIGURING WEB SITE PROPERTIES
Web site properties can be set on the site and individual page/directory level. Most are configured through the Properties tabs, which are explored in this section. Open the Internet Information Services snap-in, right-click the desired Web site, and select Properties.
Setting Web Site Properties
The Web Site tab (Figure 16.8) provides text boxes for inputting the site Description, desired IP Address, and designated TCP Port. Connections can also be set to unlimited or to a specific limit on this tab. Selecting the Advanced button allows an extensive set of logging configurations to be established.
Figure 16.8. General Web Site Properties
Setting IIS Operators
The Operators tab (Figure 16.9) allows you to delegate authority over a Web site to specific users and user groups. The Add button adds users and groups; the Remove button deletes them.
Figure 16.9. Web Site Operator Privileges
Setting IIS Performance Properties
The Properties Performance tab (Figure 16.10) is used to set process and bandwidth throttling. In the appropriate box, set the throttling level to establish appropriate limits. Process throttling is based on kilobytes per second. CPU throttling is based on the maximum allowable percentage of CPU resources. The number of anticipated hits measures overall performance based on expected activities.
Figure 16.10. Performance Settings Including Throttling
Setting Execution Filters
Internet Services API ISAPI filters can be applied to expand or limit functions and resources (Figure 16.11). Use the Add, Remove, and Disable buttons as appropriate on filters.
Figure 16.11. An ISAPI Filters List
Managing the IIS Home Directory
The IIS home directory can be on a local computer, at a shared location on a remote computer, or on a redirected URL system. This is determined by the Home Directory tab (Figure 16.12), which also establishes series of permissions and other properties.
Figure 16.12. Home Directory Properties
Enabling Default Documents
Access to a Web site's home page is based on the establishment of a default page. The Documents tab (Figure 16.13) defines the acceptable name of default pages as well as footer information for the entire Web site.
Figure 16.13. A Default Documents List
Setting the Directory or File Security
Directory Security (Figure 16.14) is perhaps the most important tab because it permits the editing of anonymous account access and authentication and defines the IP address and domain restrictions. Through the Edit button, access is granted or denied. Secure communication configuration can be set through the Certificate Wizard, which is launched by clicking Server Certificate.
Figure 16.14. Web Directory Security Properties
Permission for anonymous access and authenticated access deserves special examination; anytime access to a server is permitted without a password, a system administrator should take heed. When the Edit button is selected, the Authentication Methods dialog box is displayed. This is where anonymous account security can be defined and edited, as shown in Figure 16.15.
Figure 16.15. Authentication Subtab Options
Setting Content Expiration, HTTP Headers, Ratings, and MIME
The HTTP Headers tab (Figure 16.16) permits configuration of a number of important Web site features. The first part enables content expiration. If it is checked, information posted to the site can be marked for automatic removal, which obviously ensures a more timely Web site. The second part permits HTTP headers to be added, edited, and removed.
Figure 16.16. Web Headers, Rating, and the MIME Map
Headers are used on multisite Web servers that share one IP address to distinguish one site from another. They can be used with the self-regulating rating system of the Recreational Software Advisor Council (RSAC) to rate sites that contain, for example, adult material, and to warn underage visitors prior to entering the sites.The third part of this tab establishes MIME file types supported by the Web server.
Customizing Error Messages
The Custom Errors tab (Figure 16.17) lists the default set of error messages established by HTTP 1.1 specifications. The Edit Properties button permits these messages to be redefined. Each message is directed to a specific HTML file. If further clarification is required, these files should be modified.
Figure 16.17. The Error Message Catalog
Configuring Server Extensions
The Server Extensions tab (Figure 16.18) permits the viewing of installed add-ons such as FrontPage Server Extensions. The FrontPage snap-in is used to edit and manipulate those specific extensions. FrontPage Extensions is not automatically installed with the core IIS. It must be added through Control Panel Add Software Windows Components Internet Information Services Details FrontPage Extensions. The tab is displayed only when FrontPage Extensions is installed.
Figure 16.18. The Web Server Extensions Tab
Setting Individual Web Page and Directory Properties
Properties for individual Web pages can be set by right-clicking the targeted document and selecting Properties. This will display four tabs, as shown in Figure 16.19. The File Security, HTTP Headers, and Custom Errors tabs are largely the same as previously described. The File tab designates the file or the source for redirection, the local path, and basic permissions.
