Appendix D: Installing RDBMS Software - SQL Bible [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

Appendix D: Installing RDBMS Software

Please keep
in mind that no matter which RDBMS you have chosen to install, it is for
educational/evaluation purposes only. Oracle, IBM DB2 UDB, and the MS SQL
Server can be installed in many different ways, but for the scope of this book
we recommend that you follow the proposed instructions and naming conventions.
That will simplify the creation and population of the ACME database (regardless
of the RDBMS you have chosen) used in the examples and exercises given
throughout this book.

Installing Oracle
9i

Undoubtedly, Oracle 9i
is the most resource-demanding (and one of the most powerful) RDBMS engine out
of the three discussed in this book. From our personal experience we know that
installing just for the "minimal hardware requirements" combined with the
installation defaults does not result in acceptable performance. Oracle is a
really great system, but to work well it needs to be tuned, and database tuning
is a very serious undertaking usually performed by experienced DBAs; as such,
it is definitely beyond the scope of this book.

Our general recommendation is that if you
want to install Oracle 9i on your machine, don't rely on
the minimum hardware requirements, but rather try to exceed what is
recommended. If you don't have enough resources for Oracle, try DB2 or MS SQL
Server.

If you've decided to try out Oracle 9i
RDBMS, you may download it from the vendor's site (otn.oracle.com).We
recommend that you install the Personal Edition of Oracle
9i, which is only available for Windows. You would need
one set of three disks (per platform) to install Personal, Standard, or
Enterprise, so it's actually up to you which version to choose; but in order to
try out our SQL examples, the Personal Edition is more than sufficient.

We also include instructions on how to
install Oracle 9i on Sun/Solaris and Linux, but be advised
that you have to be familiar with those operating systems to be able to proceed
with the installation. For more detailed installation instructions (for any
platform) visit
technet.oracle.com.

Installing Oracle
9i software on Windows NT/2000/XP

Oracle 9i requires
quite a bit of resources.
Table
D-1 contains Oracle's own principal guidelines; from our own
experience, we recommend at least a Pentium 400-MHz machine with 192 MB of
RAM.

System requirements

Table D-1 lists the minimal and recommended
requirements to install Oracle 9i on Windows.

Installation instructions

Follow these instructions to install
Oracle 9i on your computer:

Insert the first Oracle 9i component CD
into your CD-ROM drive. The installation will start automatically (see
Figure
D-1.) If the Autorun window does not appear, find
your CD-ROM from Windows Explorer, open the
autorun directory, and double-click
on
autorun.exe.

Figure D-1: Oracle
9i Autorun window

Choose Install/Deinstall Products from the
Autorun window. The Welcome window
appears. See
Figure
D-2.

Figure D-2: Oracle Welcome
window

Choose Next. The Inventory Location
window appears (assuming that this is your first Oracle installation on this
computer). Accept default location and click OK.

The File Locations window appears. Do
not change the directory path in the Source field. We also recommend that you
accept defaults for the Oracle Home and Directory path in the Destination
fields as shown in
Figure
D-3.

Figure D-3: Oracle File
Locations window

Choose Next. You will see the Available
Products window. Select Oracle 9i
Database.

Choose Next. Select Personal Edition on the
Installation Types window.

From the Database Configuration window,
select General Purpose.

If the Microsoft Transaction Server is detected, then the
Oracle Services for Microsoft Transaction Server window
will appear. Accept the default port number for this service (2030).

Choose Next. Enter ACME in both the Global Database Name and
SID fields on the Database Identification window. This
information is used by the Database Configuration Assistant to create your
database during the installation process. See
Figure
D-4.

Figure D-4: Oracle Database
Identification window

Choose Next. The Database File
Location window
appears. Enter the directory location where you wish to place the database
files. We recommend that you accept the defaults.

Choose Next. Select the database character set. We recommend
that you accept the defaults (which are based on your operating system's local
settings) as shown in
Figure
D-5.

Figure D-5: Oracle Database
Character Set window

Choose Next. You will see the Summary
window (Figure
D-6.) Review the space requirements to ensure you have enough space on
your hard disk. Click the Install button.

Figure D-6: Oracle Summary
window

Wait for the installation process to complete. During the
installation you will be prompted to insert the second and the third CDs
(Figure
D-7.)

Figure D-7: Oracle Install
window / Disk Location pop-up screen

When the software installation process is complete, the
Configuration Tools window appears (Figure D-8). The
default installation configures Oracle Net Services and Agent, creates the
sample database, and starts the Oracle HTTP server. The End of Installation
window appears when all tasks are complete.

Figure D-8: Oracle
Configuration Tools and Database Configuration assistant
windows

The Database Configuration Assistant
window prompts you for new super user (SYS and
SYSTEM) passwords as shown in
Figure
D-9. Type in your passwords, write them down, and click OK.

Figure D-9: Oracle Change
passwords for system users on the Database Configuration assistant
window

The End of Installation window appears.
Choose Exit and click Yes on the Exit confirmation pop-up window. The Oracle
Enterprise Manager Console window may open. Unless you intend to administer the
Oracle database, you should simply close this window.

Postinstallation tasks

Usually there are no special tasks to
be performed after Oracle 9i installation on the Windows
platform. See the Starting and stopping Oracle 9i
section later in this chapter for basic recommendations.

Uninstalling Oracle
9i

At some point you might want to
uninstall Oracle. To do so, follow the instructions below. If after the
uninstall process is complete some elements were left behind, go to
technet.oracle.com for
instructions on how to completely remove Oracle from your system.

Go to the Windows Services control panel (Figure D-10) and stop
all Oracle Services (anything that starts with Oracle or Ora).

Figure D-10: Oracle Windows
Services window

Start the Oracle Universal Installer from StartàProgramsàOracle
Installation Products.

Choose Deinstall Products from the
Welcome window. The
Inventory window
appears.

Expand the tree of installed components and check the Oracle
9i Database 9.x.x.x box.

Choose Remove. Click the Yes button on the
Confirmation window. See
Figure
D-11 for details.

Figure D-11: Removing Oracle
software with the Inventory window

Close the Inventory window and exit the
Universal Installer.

Starting and stopping Oracle
9i

Oracle 9i takes a
lot of your computer's resources, so it's good to know how to start and stop
it, especially since it is configured to start automatically after default
installation. That might not be bad for a production server, but if you
installed if for educational purposes only, you probably don't want it to start
automatically every time you boot your PC because of resources drain. The
following procedure disables the automatic startup:

Go to StartàProgramsàOracle — OracleHome92àConfiguration and Migration Tools and choose
Administration Assistant for Windows NT.

Expand the tree all the way to your ACME database,
right-click on ACME database, and choose Startup/Shutdown Options.

Go to the Oracle NT Service tab, select Manual under Oracle
NT Service Startup Type, and click OK (Figure D-12.) Next time you boot your computer,
Oracle will not start automatically.

Figure D-12: Oracle
Administration Assistant for Windows NT

To start Oracle manually, repeat the procedure described in
Step 1, expand the tree, right-click on the ACME icon, and select the Start
Service option. To stop Oracle, select the Stop Service icon from the same
right-click menu.

Another service that takes your
computer's resources is the Oracle HTTP Server. This is powered by the Apache
Web Server and also starts automatically by default. To change its default
behavior, go to the Windows Services panel, find OracleOraHome92HTTPServer,
double-click on it, and change Startup type to manual on the
General tab.

Installing Oracle software on SUN
Solaris

Oracle installation on Unix platforms
requires solid knowledge of the operating system and
root privileges. Also, the Oracle
9i Personal Edition is not available for Unix, so minimal
DBA skills are also desirable. We assume you don't have any previous version of
Oracle installed on your server.

System requirements

Table D-2 lists the minimal and recommended
requirements to install Oracle 9i on Sun Solaris.

Preinstallation tasks to perform
as root

You must perform the following tasks as
root before you can start the Oracle
installation.

Configure Kernel parameters. Edit the
/etc/system file, and make sure the
Kernel parameters are at least at the levels defined below:

semsys:seminfo_semmni=100
semsys:seminfo_semmns=1024 semsys:seminfo_semmsl=256
shmsys:shminfo_shmmax=4294967295 shmsys:shminfo_shmmin=1
shmsys:shminfo_shmmni=100 shmsys:shminfo_shmseg=10

If any of the above values is not
large enough, change it appropriately; save the file, and restart the
server.

Create mount points. Oracle requires a minimum of two mount
points: one for the software, and one for the database files. The conventions
are
/u01 and
/u02.

Create a Unix group called
dba. Everybody who belongs to this
group will have all database privileges, so use it carefully.

Create user
oracle as a member of the
dba group with a home directory
consistent with other user home directories (not the same as Oracle Home
directory). The default shell can be Bourne, Korn, or C.

Set file creation permissions for user
oracle by adding this line to
.profile or
.login file:

umask
022

Preinstallation tasks to perform
as user oracle

You must perform the following tasks
as user
oracle (created in the previous set of
steps) before you can start the Oracle installation.

Set environment variables in
.profile or
.login file of the
oracle account as described in
Table
D-3. We assume you used the
/u02 mount point
for the Oracle software installation.

Update the environment for current
oracle session (the one that will
perform the installation).

Installation instructions

You have several options on how to
install Oracle 9i. We assume you've chosen the
installation that uses the CD-ROMs.

Insert the first Oracle 9i CD (Disk1)
into your CD-ROM drive. Mount your CD-ROM. The CD-ROM is mounted automatically
if you have Volume Management software installed (Solaris default).

Log in as user
oracle. Start the Oracle Universal
Installer by running the
runInstaller command from the
CD-ROM root directory. The Welcome window appears.

Click Next. The Unix Group Name window
appears. Specify the
dba group created during
preinstallation steps in the appropriate field.

Click Next. The Installer window will
pop up asking you to run
/tmp/OraInstall/orainstRoot.sh as
root, which creates the /var/opt/oracle directory
on your machine and gives user
oracle the appropriate permissions
on it. When done, click Retry. The installation will continue.

The File Location window will appear. Do
not change the Source field; we also recommend that you do not change the
Destination field that defaults to the directory path specified in your
$ORACLE_HOME environment
variables.

Click Next. The Available Products
window will appear. Choose Oracle 9i Database.

Click Next. The Installation Types
window appears. Select Standard Edition.

Click Next. The Database Configuration
Types window appears. Select General Purpose.

Click Next. Enter
ACME for both Global Database Name
and SID.

Click Next. The Database File Location
window appears. Enter the directory for the database files in the appropriate
field, for instance,
/u02 if you've created it during
the preinstallation steps.

Click Next. The Database Character Set
window appears. We recommend that you accept defaults.

Click Next. The Summary window appears.
Review the information and click Install. The Install window appears showing a
progress bar.

You will be prompted to insert Disk2 and Disk3 during the
installation. You will also be prompted to run the
root.sh script as root. The script
sets appropriate permissions and configures Oracle software. When done, click
OK in the Alert pop-up window.

The Configuration Tools window appears.
This window helps you to configure your network, database, HTTP Server, and
Oracle Intelligent Agent. We recommend that you accept all defaults.

The End of Installation window appears.
Click Exit.

Postinstallation tasks

Postinstallation tasks can vary. You
might want to create additional Unix accounts, check file permissions, change
group membership of the Apache user (for security reasons), and automate
database startup and shutdown procedures. If you've installed Oracle only to
run examples in this book, there is no need for any of these tasks.

Uninstalling Oracle
9i

Please follow instructions below to
uninstall Oracle.

Start the Oracle Universal Installer.

Choose Deinstall Products from the
Welcome window. The Inventory window appears.

Expand the tree of installed components and check the boxes
of components to uninstall.

Choose Remove. Choose Yes on the
Confirmation window.

Close the Inventory window and exit the
Universal Installer.

Starting and stopping Oracle
9i

Oracle 9i does
not automatically start on Unix. To start and stop Oracle you have to be logged
in as user
oracle or as another member of the
dba group. Also, make sure your
session's environment variables are properly set as shown in
Table
D-3.

At the Unix prompt, type
sqlplus
/nolog.

At SQL prompt type
connect
/
as
sysdba.

Either type
startup (to the start Oracle
9i instance) or
shutdown
immediate (to stop it).

Type
quit to exit to the Unix
prompt.

Installing Oracle software on
Linux

For all the practical purposes, Linux is
a Unix dialect, just as Sun Solaris is, so the installation procedures are
similar for these two operating systems. These installation instructions assume
familiarity with the Linux operating system.

System requirements

Even though Oracle
9i is only currently certified for the SuSE Linux
Enterprise Server 7 (SLES-7), we know from experience that it is also
installable on Red Hat 7.0 and Mandrake 8.0. If you are a Linux expert, you are
more than welcome to try to install Oracle 9i on other
Linux flavors. Please refer to Oracle documentation for detailed
instructions.

Table D-4 lists the recommended requirements for
Oracle 9i installation on Linux.

Preinstallation tasks to perform
as root

You must perform the following tasks
as
root before you can start the Oracle
RDBMS installation.

Configure kernel parameters. The minimum recommended values
are listed below:

semmsl 100 semmns 256
semomp 100 semmni 100 shmmax 2147483648 shmmni 100 shmall 2097152 shmmin 1
shmseg 4096 shmvmx 32767

The 2.4.x default kernel
parameters are usually sufficient for an Oracle 9i
installation. If not, modify these values; write a script to initialize them,
and include the script in your system initialization files, for example:

# cd /proc/sys/kernel #
echo 100 256 100 100 > sem # echo 2147483648 > shmmax # echo 100 >
shmmni # echo 2097152 > shmall # echo 1 > shmmin # echo 4096 > shmseg
# echo 32767 > shmvmx # echo 65536 > /proc/sys/fs/file-max # ulimit –n
65536 # echo 1024 65000 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_change # ulimit
–u 16384

Create mount points. Oracle requires a minimum of two mount
points; one for the software, and one for the database files. The conventions
are
/u01 and
/u02.

Create a Linux group called
dba. Everyone who belongs to this
group has all database privileges, so use it carefully.

Create user
oracle as a member of the
dba group with the home directory
consistent with other user home directories (but not the same as the Oracle
Home directory). The default shell can be Bourne, Korn, or C.

Set file creation permissions for user
oracle by adding this line to
.bash_profile
or
/etc/profile:

umask
022

Preinstallation tasks to perform
as user oracle

You must perform the following tasks
as user
oracle (created in the previous set of
steps) before you can start the Oracle RDBMS installation.

Set environment variables in
.bash_profile of the
oracle account as described in
Table
D-5. We assume you used the
/u02 mount point
for Oracle software installation.

Update the environment for the current
oracle session (the one that will
perform the installation).

Installation instructions

You have several options on how to
install Oracle 9i. We assume you've chosen the
installation that uses the CD ROMs.

Insert the first Oracle 9i CD (Disk1)
into your CD-ROM drive. Mount your CD-ROM. The CD-ROM is mounted automatically
to the directory specified in your auto mount configuration if you are using
mounting software.

Log in as user
oracle. Start the Oracle Universal
Installer by running the
runInstaller command from the
CD-ROM root directory. The Welcome window appears.

Click Next. The Unix Group Name window
appears. Specify the
dba group created during
preinstallation steps in the appropriate field.

Click Next. The File Location window
will appear. Do not change the Source field; we also recommend that you do not
change the Destination field that defaults to directory path specified in your
$ORACLE_HOME environment variables.

Click Next. The Available Products
window will appear. Choose Oracle 9i Database.

Click Next. The Installation Types
window appears. Select Standard Edition.

Click Next. The Database Configuration
Types window appears. Select General Purpose.

Click Next. Enter
ACME for both Global Database Name
and SID.

Click Next. The Database File Location
window appears. Enter the directory for the database files in the appropriate
field, for example,
/u02 if you've created it during
the preinstallation steps.

Click Next. The Database Character Set
window appears. We recommend that you accept the defaults.

Click Next. The Summary window appears.
Review the information and click the Install button. The Install window appears
showing a progress bar.

You will be prompted to insert Disk2 and Disk3 during the
installation. You will also be prompted to run the
root.sh script as root. The script
sets appropriate permissions and configures Oracle software. When done, click
OK in the Alert pop-up window.

The Configuration Tools window appears.
This window helps you to configure your network, database, HTTP Server, and
Oracle Intelligent Agent. We recommend that you accept all the defaults.

The End of Installation window appears.
Click Exit.

Postinstallation tasks

Postinstallation tasks may vary. You
might want to create additional Linux accounts, check file permissions, change
group membership of the Apache user (for security reasons), and automate
database startup and shutdown procedures. If you've installed Oracle only to
run examples in this book, there is no need for any of these tasks.

Uninstalling Oracle
9i

The following are used to uninstall
Oracle:

Start the Oracle Universal Installer.

Choose Deinstall Products from the
Welcome window. The Inventory window appears.

Expand the tree of installed components and check the boxes
of components to uninstall.

Choose Remove. Choose Yes on the
Confirmation window.

Close the Inventory window and exit the
Universal Installer.

Starting and stopping Oracle
9i

Oracle 9i does
not automatically start on Linux. To start and stop Oracle you have to be
logged in as user
oracle or as another member of the
dba group and start it manually. Also,
make sure your session's environment variables are properly set as shown in
Table
D-5.

At the Linux prompt, type
sqlplus
/nolog.

At SQL prompt type
connect
/
as
sysdba.

Either type
startup (to start the Oracle
9i instance) or
shutdown
immediate (to stop it), and hit the
Return key.

Type
quit to exit to the Linux
prompt.