Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment: Second Edition [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

Appendix A. Function Prototypes

This appendix contains the function prototypes for the standard ISO C, POSIX, and UNIX System functions described in the text. Often, we want to see only the arguments to a function ("Which argument is the file pointer for fgets?") or only the return value ("Does sprintf return a pointer or a count?"). These prototypes also show which headers need to be included to obtain the definitions of any special constants and to obtain the ISO C function prototype to help detect any compile-time errors.

The page number reference for each function prototype appears to the right of the first header file listed for the function. The page number reference gives the page containing the prototype for the function. That page should be consulted for additional information on the function.

Some functions are supported by only a few of the platforms described in this text. In addition, some platforms support function flags that other platforms don't support. In these cases, we usually list the platforms for which support is provided. In a few cases, however, we list platforms that lack support.

void


abort  (void);


<stdlib.h>

This function never returns

p. 340

int


accept (int
sockfd , struct sockaddr *restrict 
addr ,
socklen_t *restrict 
len );


<sys/socket.h>

Returns: file (socket) descriptor if OK, 1 on error

p. 563

int

access (const char *
pathname , int 
mode );
<unistd.h>
mode : R_OK, W_OK, X_OK, F_OK

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 95

unsigned

int

alarm (unsigned int 
seconds );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 or number of seconds until previously set alarm

p. 313

char

*asctime (const struct tm *
tmptr );

<time.h>

Returns: pointer to null-terminated string

p. 175

int

atexit (void (*
func )(void));

<stdlib.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p. 182

int

[View full width]

bind (int 
sockfd , const struct sockaddr *
addr ,
 socklen_t 
len );

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 560

void

*calloc (size_t 
nobj , size_t size);

<stdlib.h>

Returns: non-null pointer if OK, NULL on
error

p. 189

speed_t

cfgetispeed (const struct termios *
termptr );

<termios.h>

Returns: baud rate value

p. 652

speed_t

cfgetospeed (const struct termios *
termptr );

<termios.h>

Returns: baud rate value

p. 652

int

cfsetispeed (struct termios *
termptr , speed_t 
speed );

<termios.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 652

int

cfsetospeed (struct termios *
termptr , speed_t 
speed );

<termios.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 652

int

chdir (const char *
pathname );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 125

int

chmod (const char *
pathname , mode_t 
mode );

<sys/stat.h>mode :
S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX](USR|GRP|OTH)

Returns:
0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 99

int

chown (const char *
pathname , uid_t 
owner , gid_t 
group );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 102

void

clearerr (FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

p. 141

int

close (int 
filedes );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 63

int

closedir (DIR *
dp );

<dirent.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 120

void

closelog (void);

<syslog.h>

p. 430

unsigned

char

*CMSG_DATA (struct cmsghdr *
cp );

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: pointer to data associated
with cmsghdr structure

p. 607

struct

cmsghdr

*CMSG_FIRSTHDR (struct msghdr *
mp );

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: pointer to first cmsghdr
structure associated with the msghdr

structure, or
NULL if none exists

p. 607

unsigned

int

CMSG_LEN (unsigned int 
nbytes );

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: size to allocate for data
object

nbytes large

p. 607

struct

cmsghdr

*CMSG_NXTHDR (struct msghdr *
mp , struct cmsghdr *
cp );

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: pointer to next cmsghdr
structure associated with the msghdr

structure
given the current cmsghdr structure, or NULL if
we're

at the last one

p. 607

int

[View full width]

connect (int 
sockfd , const struct sockaddr *
addr ,
 socklen_t 
len );

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 561

int

creat (const char *
pathname , mode_t 
mode );

[View full width]

<fcntl.h>mode : S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX]
(USR|GRP|OTH)

Returns: file descriptor opened for
write-only if OK, 1 on error

p. 62

char

*ctermid (char *
ptr );

<stdio.h>

Returns: pointer to name of controlling
terminal on success, pointer to

empty string on error

p. 654

char

*ctime (const time_t *
calptr );

<time.h>

Returns: pointer to null-terminated string

p. 175

int

dup (int 
filedes );

<unistd.h>

Returns: new file descriptor if OK, 1
on error

p. 76

int

dup2 (int 
filedes , int 
filedes2 );

<unistd.h>

Returns: new file descriptor if OK, 1
on error

p. 76

void

endgrent (void);

<grp.h>

p. 167

void

endhostent (void);

<netdb.h>

p. 553

void

endnetent (void);

<netdb.h>

p. 554

void

endprotoent (void);

<netdb.h>

p. 554

void

endpwent (void);

<pwd.h>

p. 164

void

endservent (void);

<netdb.h>

p. 555

void

endspent (void);

<shadow.h>

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 166

int

[View full width]

execl (const char *
pathname , const char *
arg0 , ... 
/* (char *) 0 */ );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 1 on error, no return on success

p. 231

int

[View full width]

execle (const char *
pathname , const char *
arg0 , ...
 /* (char *) 0,
char *const 
envp [] */ );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 1 on error, no return on success

p. 231

int

[View full width]

execlp (const char *
filename , const char *
arg0 , ...
 /* (char *) 0 */ );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 1 on error, no return on success

p. 231

int

execv (const char *
pathname , char *const 
argv []);

<unistd.h>

Returns: 1 on error, no return on success

p. 231

int

[View full width]

execve (const char *
pathname , char *const 
argv [],
 char *const 
envp []);

<unistd.h>

Returns: 1 on error, no return on success

p. 231

int

execvp (const char *
filename , char *const 
argv []);

<unistd.h>

Returns: 1 on error, no return on success

p. 231

void

_Exit (int 
status );

<stdlib.h>

This function never returns

p. 180

void

_exit (int 
status );

<unistd.h>

This function never returns

p. 180

void

exit (int 
status );

<stdlib.h>

This function never returns

p. 180

int

fattach (int 
filedes , const char *
path );

<stropts.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on
error

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 589

int

fchdir (int 
filedes );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 125

int

fchmod (int 
filedes , mode_t 
mode );

[View full width]

<sys/stat.h>
mode : S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX]
(USR|GRP|OTH)

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 99

int

fchown (int 
filedes , uid_t 
owner , gid_t 
group );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 102

int

fclose (FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, EOF on error

p. 139

int

fcntl (int 
filedes , int 
cmd , ... /* int 
arg  */ );

[View full width]

<fcntl.h>

cmd : F_DUPFD, F_GETFD, F_SETFD, F_GETFL, F_SETFL,
F_GETOWN, F_SETOWN, F_GETLK, F_SETLK,
F_SETLKW

Returns: depends on

cmd if OK, 1 on error

p. 78

int

fdatasync (int 
filedes );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

Platforms
: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 77

void

FD_CLR (int 
fd , fd_set *
fdset );

<sys/select.h>

p. 476

int

fdetach (const char *
path );

<stropts.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on
error

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 590

int

FD_ISSET (int 
fd , fd_set *
fdset );

<sys/select.h>

Returns: nonzero if

fd is in set, 0
otherwise

p. 476

FILE

*fdopen (int 
filedes , const char *
type );

<stdio.h>
type : "r", "w", "a", "r+", "w+", "a+",

Returns: file pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 138

void

FD_SET (int 
fd , fd_set *
fdset );

<sys/select.h>

p. 476

void

FD_ZERO (fd_set *
fdset );

<sys/select.h>

p. 476

int

feof (FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns: nonzero (true) if end of file on
stream, 0 (false) otherwise

p. 141

int

ferror (FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns: nonzero (true) if error on
stream, 0 (false) otherwise

p. 141

int

fflush (FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, EOF on error

p. 137

int

fgetc (FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns: next character if OK, EOF on end
of file or error

p. 140

int

fgetpos (FILE *restrict 
fp , fpos_t *restrict 
pos );

<stdio.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p. 148

char

*fgets (char *restrict 
buf , int 
n , FILE *restrict 
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns: buf if OK, NULL on end of file
or error

p. 142

int

fileno (FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns: file descriptor associated with
the stream

p. 153

void

flockfile (FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

p. 403

FILE

[View full width]

*fopen (const char *restrict 
pathname , const char
 *restrict 
type );

<stdio.h>
type : "r", "w", "a", "r+", "w+", "a+",

Returns: file pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 138

pid_t

fork (void);

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 in child, process ID of child
in parent, 1 on error

p. 211

long

fpathconf (int 
filedes , int 
name );

[View full width]

<unistd.h>

name : _PC_ASYNC_IO, _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED,
_PC_FILESIZEBITS, _PC_LINK_MAX, _PC_MAX_CANON,
_PC_MAX_INPUT, _PC_NAME_MAX, _PC_NO_TRUNC,
_PC_PATH_MAX, 'u'_PC_PIPE_BUF, _PC_PRIO_IO,
_PC_SYNC_IO,
_PC_SYMLINK_MAX, _PC_VDISABLE

Returns:
corresponding value if OK, 1 on error

p. 41

int

[View full width]

fprintf (FILE *restrict 
fp , const char *restrict
 
format , ...);

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of characters output if
OK, negative value if output error

p. 149

int

fputc (int 
c , FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns:

c if OK, EOF on error

p. 142

int

fputs (const char *restrict 
str , FILE *restrict 
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns: non-negative value if OK, EOF on
error

p. 143

size_t

[View full width]

fread (void *restrict 
ptr , size_t 
size , size_t 
nobj 
, FILE *restrict 
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of objects read

p. 146

void

free (void *
ptr );

<stdlib.h>

p. 189

void

freeaddrinfo (struct addrinfo *
ai );

<sys/socket.h>
<netdb.h>

p. 555

FILE

[View full width]

*freopen (const char *restrict 
pathname , const char
 *restrict 
type ,
FILE *restrict 
fp );

<stdio.h>type : "r", "w", "a", "r+", "w+", "a+",

Returns: file pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 138

int

[View full width]

fscanf (FILE *restrict 
fp , const char *restrict
 
format , ...);

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of input items assigned,
EOF if input error or end of file

before any conversion

p. 151

int

fseek (FILE *
fp , long 
offset , int 
whence );

<stdio.h>
whence : SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END

Returns: 0 if
OK, nonzero on error

p. 147

int

fseeko (FILE *
fp , off_t 
offset , int 
whence );

<stdio.h>
whence : SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END

Returns: 0 if
OK, nonzero on error

p. 148

int

fsetpos (FILE *
fp , const fpos_t *
pos );

<stdio.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p. 148

int

fstat (int 
filedes , struct stat *
buf );

<sys/stat.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 87

int

fsync (int 
filedes );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 77

long

ftell (FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns: current file position indicator
if OK, -1L on error

p. 147

off_t

ftello (FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns: current file position indicator
if OK, (off_t)-1 on error

p. 148

key_t

ftok (const char *
path , int 
id );

<sys/ipc.h>

Returns: key if OK, (key_t)-1 on error

p. 519

int

ftruncate (int 
filedes , off_t 
length );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 105

int

ftrylockfile (FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero if lock can't
be acquired

p. 403

void

funlockfile (FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

p. 403

int

fwide (FILE *
fp , int 
mode );

<stdio.h>
<wchar.h>

Returns: positive if stream is wide oriented, negative if stream is

byte oriented, or 0 if stream has no orientation

p. 134

size_t

[View full width]

fwrite (const void *restrict 
ptr , size_t 
size ,
 size_t 
nobj ,
FILE *restrict 
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of objects written

p. 146

const

char

*gai_strerror (int 
error );

<netdb.h>

Returns: a pointer to a string describing
the error

p. 556

int

[View full width]

getaddrinfo (const char *restrict 
host , const char
 *restrict 
service ,
const struct addrinfo *restrict 
hint ,
struct addrinfo **restrict 
res );

<sys/socket.h> <netdb.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero
error code on error

p. 555

int

getc (FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns: next character if OK, EOF on end
of file or error

p. 140

int

getchar (void);

<stdio.h>

Returns: next character if OK, EOF on end
of file or error

p. 140

int

getchar_unlocked (void);

<stdio.h>

Returns: the next character if OK, EOF on
end of file or error

p. 403

int

getc_unlocked (FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns: the next character if OK, EOF on
end of file or error

p. 403

char

*getcwd (char *
buf , size_t 
size );

<unistd.h>

Returns:

buf if OK, NULL on error

p. 126

gid_t

getegid (void);

<unistd.h>

Returns: effective group ID of calling
process

p. 210

char

*getenv (const char *
name );

<stdlib.h>

Returns: pointer to

value associated
with

name , NULL if not found

p. 192

uid_t

geteuid (void);

<unistd.h>

Returns: effective user ID of calling
process

p. 210

gid_t

getgid (void);

<unistd.h>

Returns: real group ID of calling process

p. 210

structgroup

*getgrent (void);

<grp.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error or
end of file

p. 167

structgroup

*getgrgid (gid_t 
gid );

<grp.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 166

structgroup

*getgrnam (const char *
name );

<grp.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 166

int

getgroups (int 
gidsetsize , gid_t 
grouplist []);

<unistd.h>

Returns: number of supplementary group
IDs if OK, 1 on error

p. 168

structhostent

*gethostent (void);

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 553

int

gethostname (char *
name , int 
namelen );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 172

char

*getlogin (void);

<unistd.h>

Returns: pointer to string giving login
name if OK, NULL on error

p. 256

int

[View full width]

getmsg (int 
filedes , struct strbuf *restrict 
ctlptr ,
struct strbuf *restrict 
dataptr , int
 *restrict 
flagptr );

<stropts.h>*
flagptr : 0, RS_HIPRI

Returns: non-negative value if
OK, 1 on error

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 469

int

[View full width]

getnameinfo (const struct sockaddr *restrict 
addr ,
 socklen_t 
alen ,
char *restrict 
host , socklen_t 
hostlen 
, char *restrict 
service ,
socklen_t 
servlen , unsigned int 
flags );

<sys/socket.h> <netdb.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero
on error

p. 556

structnetent

*getnetbyaddr (uint32_t 
net , int 
type );

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 554

structnetent

*getnetbyname (const char *
name );

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 554

structnetent

*getnetent (void);

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 554

int

[View full width]

getopt (int 
argc , const * const 
argv[] , const char
 *
options );

<fcntl.h>
extern int optind, opterr, optopt;
extern char *optarg;

Returns: the next option
character, or 1 when all options have been
processed

p. 774

int

[View full width]

getpeername (int 
sockfd , struct sockaddr *restrict
 
addr ,
socklen_t *restrict 
alenp );

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 561

pid_t

getpgid (pid_t 
pid );

<unistd.h>

Returns: process group ID if OK, 1 on
error

p. 269

pid_t

getpgrp (void);

<unistd.h>

Returns: process group ID of calling process

p. 269

pid_t

getpid (void);

<unistd.h>

Returns: process ID of calling process

p. 210

int

[View full width]

getpmsg (int 
filedes,  struct strbuf *restrict 
ctlptr, 
struct strbuf *restrict 
dataptr,  int
 *restrict 
bandptr ,
int *restrict 
flagptr );

[View full width]

<stropts.h>
*flagptr : 0, MSG_HIPRI, MSG_BAND,
 MSG_ANY

Returns: non-negative value if OK, 1 on
error

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 469

pid_t

getppid (void);

<unistd.h>

Returns: parent process ID of calling
process

p.210

structprotoent

*getprotobyname (const char *
name );

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.554

structprotoent

*getprotobynumber (int 
proto );

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.554

structprotoent

*getprotoent (void);

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error.

p.554

structpasswd

*getpwent (void);

<pwd.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error or
end of file

p.164

structpasswd

*getpwnam (const char *
name );

<pwd.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.163

structpasswd

*getpwuid (uid_t
uid );

<pwd.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.163

int

getrlimit (int 
resource , struct rlimit *
rlptr );

<sys/resource.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p.202

char

*gets (char *
buf );

<stdio.h>

Returns: buf if OK, NULL on end of file
or error

p142

structservent

*getservbyname (const char *
name , const char *
proto );

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.555

structservent

*getservbyport (int 
port , const char *
proto );

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.555

structservent

*getservent (void);

<netdb.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.555

pid_t

getsid (pid_t 
pid );

<unistd.h>

Returns: session leader's process
group ID if OK, 1 on error

p.271

int

[View full width]

getsockname (int 
sockfd , struct sockaddr *restrict
 
addr ,
socklen_t *restrict 
alenp );

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.561

int

[View full width]

getsockopt (int 
sockfd , int 
level , int 
option , void
 *restrict 
val ,
socklen_t *restrict 
lenp );

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.579

structspwd

*getspent (void);

<shadow.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on
error

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p.166

structspwd

*getspnam (const char *
name );

<shadow.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on
error

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p.166

int

[View full width]

gettimeofday (struct timeval *restrict 
tp , void
 *restrict 
tzp );

<sys/time.h>

Returns: 0 always

p.173

uid_t

getuid (void);

<unistd.h>

Returns: real user ID of calling process

p.210

structtm

*gmtime (const time_t *
calptr );

<time.h>

Returns: pointer to broken-down time

p.175

int

grantpt (int 
filedes );

<stdlib.h>

Returns: 0 on success, 1 on
error

Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p.682

uint32_t

htonl (uint32_t 
hostint32 );

<arpa/inet.h>

Returns: 32-bit integer in network
byte order

p.550

uint16_t

htons (uint16_t 
hostint16 );

<arpa/inet.h>

Returns: 16-bit integer in network
byte order

p.550

constchar

[View full width]

*inet_ntop (int 
domain , const void *restrict 
addr ,
 char *restrict 
str ,
socklen_t 
size );

<arpa/inet.h>

Returns: pointer to address string on
success, NULL on error

p.552

int

[View full width]

inet_pton (int 
domain , const char *restrict 
str ,
 void *restrict 
addr );

<arpa/inet.h>

Returns: 1 on success, 0 if the
format is invalid, or 1 on error

p.552

int

initgroups (const char *
username , gid_t 
basegid );

[View full width]

         <grp.h>    /* Linux & Solaris */
<unistd.h> /* FreeBSD & Mac OS X *
/

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.168

int

ioctl (int 
filedes , int 
request , ...);

[View full width]

         <unistd.h>        /* System V */
<sys/ioctl.h>     /* BSD and Linux */
<stropts.h>       /* XSI STREAMS *
/

Returns: 1 on error, something else if OK

p.83

int

isastream (int 
filedes );

<stropts.h>

Returns: 1 (true) if STREAMS device, 0
(false) otherwise

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p.465

int

isatty (int 
filedes );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 1 (true) if terminal device, 0
(false) otherwise

p.655

int

 kill (pid_t 
pid , int 
signo );

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.312

int

[View full width]

lchown (const char *
pathname , uid_t 
owner , gid_t
 
group );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.102

int

link (const char *
existingpath , const char *
newpath );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.109

int

listen (int 
sockfd , int 
backlog );

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.563

structtm

*localtime (const time_t *
calptr );

<time.h>

Returns: pointer to broken-down time

p.175

void

longjmp (jmp_buf 
env , int 
val );

<setjmp.h>

This function never returns

p. 197

off_t

lseek (int 
filedes , off_t 
offset , int 
whence );

<unistd.h>
whence ; SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END

Returns: new
file offset if OK, 1 on error

p.63

int

[View full width]

lstat (const char *restrict 
pathname , struct stat
 *restrict 
buf ;

<sys/stat.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.87

void

*malloc (size_t 
size );

<stdlib.h>

Returns: non-null pointer if OK, NULL on
error

p.189

int

mkdir (const char *
pathname , mode_t 
mode ;

[View full width]

<sys/stat.h>
mode : S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX]
(USR|GRP|OTH)

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.119

int

mkfifo (const char *
pathname , mode_t 
mode );

[View full width]

<sys/stat.h>
mode : S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX]
(USR|GRP|OTH)

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.514

int

mkstemp (char *
template );

<stdlib.h>

Returns: file descriptor if OK, 1 on
error

p.158

time_t

mktime (struct tm *
tmptr );

<time.h>

Returns: calendar time if OK, 1 on error

p.175

caddr_t

[View full width]

mmap (void *
addr , size_t 
len , int 
prot , int 
flag ,
 int 
filedes , off_t 
off );

prot : PROT_READ, PROT_WRITE, PROT_EXEC, PROT_NONE

flag : MAP_FIXED, MAP_SHARED, MAP_PRIVATE

Returns:
starting address of mapped region if OK,
MAP_FAILED on error

p.487

int

mprotect (void *
addr , size_t 
len , int 
prot );

<sys/mman.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.489

int

msgctl (int 
msqid , int 
cmd , struct msqid_ds *
buf  );

<sys/msg.h>
cmd : IPC_STAT, IPC_SET, IPC_RMID

Returns: 0 if OK,
1 on error

Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4
.22, Solaris 9

p.524

int

msgget (key_t 
key , int 
flag );

<sys/msg.h>
flag : 0, IPC_CREAT, IPC_EXCL

Returns: message queue
ID if OK, 1 on error

Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1,
Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p.524

ssize_t

[View full width]

msgrcv (int 
msqid , void *
ptr , size_t 
nbytes , long
 
type , int 
flag );

<sys/msg.h>
flag : 0, IPC_NOWAIT, MSG_NOERROR

Returns: size of
data portion of message if OK, 1 on
error

Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p.526

int

[View full width]

msgsnd (int 
msqid , const void *
ptr , size_t 
nbytes ,
 int 
flag );

<sys/msg.h>
flag : 0, IPC_NOWAIT

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on
error

Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p.525

int

msync (void *
addr , size_t 
len , int 
flags );

<sys/mman.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.490

int

munmap (caddr_t 
addr , size_t 
len );

<sys/mman.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.490

uint32_t

ntohl (uint32_t
netint32 );

<arpa/inet.h>

Returns: 32-bit integer in host byte
order

p.550

uint16_t

ntohs (uint16_t 
netint16 );

<arpa/inet.h>

Returns: 16-bit integer in host byte
order

p.550

int

[View full width]

open (const char *
pathname , int 
oflag , ... /*
 mode_t 
mode  */ );

[View full width]

<fcntl.h>
oflag : O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR;
O_APPEND, O_CREAT, O_DSYNC, O_EXCL, O_NOCTTY,
O_NONBLOCK, O_RSYNC, O_SYNC, O_TRUNC
mode : S_IS[UG]ID, S_ISVTX, S_I[RWX]
(USR|GRP|OTH)

Returns: file descriptor if OK, 1
on error

Platforms: O_FSYNC flag on FreeBSD 5.2.1
and Mac OS X 10.3

p.60

DIR

*opendir (const char *
pathname );

<direct.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL on error

p.120

void

openlog (char *
ident , int 
option , int 
facility ;

[View full width]

<syslog.h>

option : LOG_CONS, LOG_NDELAY, LOG_NOWAIT,
LOG_ODELAY,
LOG_PERROR, LOG_PID

facility : LOG_AUTH, LOG_AUTHPRIV, LOG_CRON,
LOG_DAEMON,
LOG_FTP, LOG_KERN, LOG_LOCAL[0-7], LOG_LPR,
LOG_MAIL, LOG_NEWS, LOG_SYSLOG, LOG_USER
, LOG_UUCP

p.430

long

pathconf (const char *
pathname , int 
name );

[View full width]

<unistd.h>

name : _PC_ASYNC_IO, _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED,
_PC_FILESIZEBITS, _PC_LINK_MAX, _PC_MAX_CANON,
_PC_MAX_INPUT, _PC_NAME_MAX, _PC_NO_TRUNC,
_PC_PATH_MAX, _PC_PIPE_BUF, _PC_PRIO_IO,
_PC_SYMLINK_MAX, _PC_SYNC_IO,
_PC_VDISABLE

Returns: corresponding value if OK,
1 on

p.41

int

pause (void);

<unistd.h>

Returns: 1 with errno set to EINTR

p.313

int

pclose (FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns: termination status of popen

cmdstring , or 1 on error

p.503

void

perror (const char *
msg );

<stdio.h>

p.15

int

pipe (int 
filedes[2] );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p.497

int

[View full width]

poll (struct pollfd 
fdarray [], nfds_t 
nfds , int
 
timeout );

<poll.h>

Returns: count of ready descriptors, 0 on
timeout, 1 on error

Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1,
Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p.479

FILE

*popen (const char *
cmdstring , const char *
type );

<stdio.h>
type : "r", "w"

Returns: file pointer if OK, NULL on
error

p.503

int

posix_openpt (int 
oflag );

<stdlib.h>
<fcntl.h>
oflag : O_RWDR, O_NOCTTY

Returns: file descriptor of
next available PTY master if OK, 1 on
error

Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1

p.681

ssize_t

[View full width]

pread (int 
filedes , void *
buf , size_t 
nbytes , off_t
 
offset );

<unistd.h>

Returns: number of bytes read, 0 if end
of file, 1 on error

p.75

int

printf (const char *restrict 
format , ...);

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of characters output if
OK, negative value if output error

p.149

int

[View full width]

pselect (int 
maxfdp1 , fd_set *restrict 
readfds ,
 fd_set *restrict 
writefds ,
fd_set *restrict 
exceptfds , const struct
 timespec *restrict 
tsptr ,
const sigset_t *restrict 
sigmask );

<sys/select.h>

Returns: count of ready descriptors,
0 on timeout, 1 on error

Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2
.1, Linux 2.4.22, Mac OS X 10.3

p.478

void

psignal (int 
signo , const char *
msg );

<signal.h>
<siginfo.h> /* on Solaris */

p.352

int

[View full width]

pthread_atfork (void (*
prepare )(void), void 
(*
parent )(void),
void (*
child )(void);

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.417

int

pthread_attr_destroy (pthread_attr_t *
attr );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.389

int

[View full width]

pthread_attr_getdetachstate (const pthread_attr_t
 *restrict 
attr ,
int *
detachstate );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.390

int

[View full width]

pthread_attr_getguardsize (const pthread_attr_t
 *restrict 
attr ,
size_t *restricts
 
guardsize );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.392

int

[View full width]

pthread_attr_getstack (const pthread_attr_t
 *restrict 
attr , void
**restrict 
stackaddr , size_t
 *restrict
stacksize );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.391

int

[View full width]

pthread_attr_getstacksize (const pthread_attr_t
 *restrict 
attr ,
size_t *restrict 
stacksize );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.392

int

pthread_attr_init (pthread_attr_t *
attr );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.389

int

[View full width]

pthread_attr_setdetachstate (pthread_attr_t *
attr ,
 int 
detachstate );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.390

int

[View full width]

pthread_attr_setguardsize (pthread_attr_t *
attr ,
 size_t 
guardsize );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.392

int

[View full width]

pthread_attr_setstack (const pthread_attr_t *
attr ,
 void *
stackaddr ,
size_t *
stacksize );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.391

int

[View full width]

pthread_attr_setstacksize (pthread_attr_t *
attr ,
 size_t 
stacksize );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.392

int

pthread_cancel (pthread_t 
tid );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.365

void

pthread_cleanup_pop (int 
execute );

<pthread.h>

p.365

void

pthread_cleanup_push (void (*
rtn )(void *), void *
arg );

<pthread.h>

p.365

int

pthread_condattr_destroy (pthread_condattr_t *
attr );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.401

int

[View full width]

pthread_condattr_getpshared (const
 pthread_condattr_t *restrict 
attr ,
int *restrict 
pshared );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.401

int

pthread_condattr_init (pthread_condattr_t *
attr );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.401

int

[View full width]

pthread_condattr_setpshared (pthread_condattr_t
 *
attr , int 
pshared );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.401

int

pthread_cond_broadcast (pthread_cond_t *
cond );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.384

int

pthread_cond_destroy (pthread_cond_t *
cond );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p.383

int

pthread_cond_init (pthread_cond_t *restrict 
cond ,
pthread_condattr_t *restrict 
attr );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 383

int

pthread_cond_signal (pthread_cond_t *
cond );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 384

int

[View full width]

pthread_cond_timedwait (pthread_cond_t *restrict 
cond ,
pthread_mutex_t *restrict
 
mutex ,
const struct timespec
 *restrict 
timeout );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 383

int

pthread_cond_wait (pthread_cond_t *restrict 
cond ,
pthread_mutex_t *restrict 
mutex );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 383

int

[View full width]

pthread_create (pthread_t *restrict 
tidp ,
const pthread_attr_t *restrict 
attr ,
void *(*
start_rtn )(void), void
 *restrict 
arg );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 357

int

pthread_detach (pthread_t 
tid );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 368

int

pthread_equal (pthread_t 
tid1 , pthread_t 
tid2 );

<pthread.h>

Returns: nonzero if equal, 0 otherwise

p. 357

void

pthread_exit (void *
rval_ptr );

<pthread.h>

p. 361

int

pthread_getconcurrency (void);

<pthread.h>

Returns: current concurrency level

p. 393

void

*pthread_getspecific (pthread_key_t 
key );

<pthread.h>

Returns: thread-specific data value or NULL if no value has been associated with the key

p. 408

int

pthread_join (pthread_t 
thread , void **
rval_ptr );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 361

int

[View full width]

pthread_key_create (pthread_key_t *
keyp , void 
(*
destructor )(void *);

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 406

int

pthread_key_delete (pthread_key_t *
key );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 407

int

pthread_kill (pthread_t 
thread , int 
signo );

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 414

int

pthread_mutexattr_destroy (pthread_mutexattr_t *
attr );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 393

int

[View full width]

pthread_mutexattr_getpshared (const
 pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict 
attr , int *restrict
 
pshared );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 394

int

[View full width]

pthread_mutexattr_gettype (const
 pthread_mutexattr_t *restrict 
attr ,
int *restrict 
type );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 395

int

pthread_mutexattr_init (pthread_mutexattr_t *
attr );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 393

int

[View full width]

pthread_mutexattr_setpshared (pthread_mutexattr_t
 *
attr , int 
pshared );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 394

int

[View full width]

pthread_mutexattr_settype (pthread_mutexattr_t
 *
attr , int 
type );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 395

int

pthread_mutex_destroy (pthread_mutex_t *
mutex );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 371

int

[View full width]

pthread_mutex_init (pthread_mutex_t *restrict 
mutex ,
const pthread_mutexattr_t
 *restrict 
attr );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 371

int

pthread_mutex_lock (pthread_mutex_t *
mutex );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 371

int

pthread_mutex_trylock (pthread_mutex_t *
mutex );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 371

int

pthread_mutex_unlock (pthread_mutex_t *
mutex );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 371

int

[View full width]

pthread_once (pthread_once_t *
initflag , void 
(*
initfn )(void);

<pthread.h>
pthread_once_t initflag  = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 408

int

[View full width]

pthread_rwlockattr_destroy (pthread_rwlockattr_t
 *
attr );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 400

int

[View full width]

pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared (const
 pthread_rwlockattr_t *restrict 
attr ,
int *restrict 
pshared );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 400

int

pthread_rwlockattr_init (pthread_rwlockattr_t *
attr );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 400

int

[View full width]

pthread_rwlockattr_setpshared (pthread_rwlockattr_t
 *
attr , int 
pshared );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 400

int

pthread_rwlock_destroy (pthread_rwlock_t *
rwlock );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 379

int

[View full width]

pthread_rwlock_init (pthread_rwlock_t *restrict 
rwlock ,
const pthread_rwlockattr_t
 *restrict 
attr );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 379

int

pthread_rwlock_rdlock (pthread_rwlock_t *
rwlock );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 379

int

pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock (pthread_rwlock_t *
rwlock );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 379

int

pthread_rwlock_trywrlock (pthread_rwlock_t *
rwlock );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 379

int

pthread_rwlock_unlock (pthread_rwlock_t *
rwlock );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 379

int

pthread_rwlock_wrlock (pthread_rwlock_t *
rwlock );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 379

pthread_t

pthread_self (void);

<pthread.h>

Returns: thread ID of the calling thread

p. 357

int

pthread_setcancelstate (int 
state , int *
oldstate );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 410

int

pthread_setcanceltype (int 
type , int *
oldtype );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 411

int

pthread_setconcurrency (int 
level );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 393

int

[View full width]

pthread_setspecific (pthread_key_t 
key , const void
 *
value );

<pthread.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 408

int

pthread_sigmask (int 
how , const sigset_t *restrict 
set ,
sigset_t *restrict> 
oset );

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 413

void

pthread_testcancel (void);

<pthread.h>

p. 411

char

*ptsname (int 
filedes );

<stdlib.h>

Returns: pointer to name of PTY slave if OK, NULL on error

Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 682

int

putc (int 
c , FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns:

c if OK, EOF on error

p. 142

int

putchar (int 
c );

<stdio.h>

Returns:

c if OK, EOF on error

p. 142

int

putchar_unlocked (int 
c );

<stdio.h>

Returns:

c if OK, EOF on error

p. 403

int

putc_unlocked (int 
c , FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns:

c if OK, EOF on error

p. 403

int

putenv (char *
str );

<stdlib.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p. 194

int

putmsg (int 
filedes , const struct strbuf *
ctlptr ,
const struct strbuf *
dataptr , int 
flag )

<stropts.h>
flag : 0, RS_HIPRI

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 463

int

[View full width]

putpmsg (int 
filedes , const struct strbuf *
ctlptr ,
const struct strbuf *
dataptr , int 
band ,
 int 
flag );

<stropts.h>
flag : 0, MSG_HIPRI, MSG_BAND

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 463

int

puts (const char *
str );

<stdio.h>

Returns: non-negative value if OK, EOF on error

p. 143

ssize_t

[View full width]

pwrite (int 
filedes , const void *
buf , size_t 
nbytes 
, off_t 
offset );

<unistd.h>

Returns: number of bytes written if OK, 1 on error

p. 75

int

raise (int 
signo );

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 312

ssize_t

read (int 
filedes , void *
buf , size_t 
nbytes );

<unistd.h>

Returns: number of bytes read if OK, 0 if end of file, 1 on error

p. 67

struct

dirent

*readdir (DIR *
dp );

<dirent.h>

Returns: pointer if OK, NULL at end of directory or error

p. 120

int

[View full width]

readlink (const char *restrict 
pathname , char
 *restrict 
buf ,
size_t 
bufsize );

<unistd.h>

Returns: number of bytes read if OK, 1 on error

p. 115

ssize_t

[View full width]

readv (int 
filedes , const struct iovec *
iov , int
 
iovcnt ;

<sys/uio.h>

Returns: number of bytes read if OK, 1 on error

p. 483

void

*realloc (void *
ptr , size_t 
newsize );

<stdlib.h>

Returns: non-null pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 189

ssize_t

recv (int 
sockfd , void *
buf , size_t 
nbytes , int 
flags );


<sys/socket.h>
flags : 0, MSG_PEEK, MSG_OOB, MSG_WAITALL

Returns: length of message in bytes, 0 if no messages are available and peer has done an orderly shutdown, or 1 on error

Platforms: MSG_TRUNC flag on Linux 2.4.22

p. 567

ssize_t

[View full width]

recvfrom (int 
sockfd , void *restrict 
buf , size_t
 
len , int 
flags ,
struct sockaddr *restrict 
addr , socklen_t
 *restrict 
addrlen );

<sys/socket.h>
flags : 0, MSG_PEEK, MSG_OOB, MSG_WAITALL

Returns: length of message in bytes, 0 if no messages are available and peer has done an orderly shutdown, or 1 on error

Platforms: MSG_TRUNC flag on Linux 2.4.22

p. 567

ssize_t

recvmsg (int 
sockfd , struct msghdr *
msg , int 
flags ;

<sys/socket.h>
flags : 0, MSG_PEEK, MSG_OOB, MSG_WAITALL

Returns: length of message in bytes, 0 if no messages are available

and peer has done an orderly shutdown, or 1 on error

Platforms: MSG_TRUNC flag on Linux 2.4.22

p. 568

int

remove (const char *
pathname );

<stdio.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 111

int

rename (const char *
oldname , const char *
newname );

<stdio.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 111

void

rewind (FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

p. 147

void

rewinddir (DIR *
dp );

<dirent.h>

p. 120

int

rmdir (const char *
pathname );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 120

int

scanf (const char *restrict 
format , ...);

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of input items assigned, EOF if input error or

end of file before any conversion

p. 151

void

seekdir (DIR *
dp , long 
loc );

<dirent.h>

p. 120

int

[View full width]

select (int 
maxfdp1 , fd_set *restrict 
readfds ,
fd_set *restrict 
writefds , fd_set *restrict
 
exceptfds , struct timeval *restrict 
tvptr );

<sys/select.h>

Returns: count of ready descriptors, 0 on timeout, 1 on error

p. 475

int

[View full width]

semctl (int 
semid , int 
semnum , int 
cmd , ... /*
 union semun 
arg  */ );

cmd : IPC_STAT, IPC_SET, IPC_RMID, GETPID, GETNCNT,
GETZCNT, GETVAL, SETVAL, GETALL, SETALL

Returns: (depends on command)

p. 529

int

semget (key_t 
key , int 
nsems , int 
flag );

<sys/sem.h>
flag : 0, IPC_CREAT, IPC_EXCL

Returns: semaphore ID if OK, 1 on error

p. 529

int

[View full width]

semop (int 
semid , struct sembuf 
semoparray [],
 size_t 
nops );

<sys/sem.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 530

ssize_t

[View full width]

send (int 
sockfd , const void *
buf , size_t 
nbytes ,
 int 
flags );

<sys/socket.h>
flags : 0, MSG_DONTROUTE, MSG_EOR, MSG_OOB

Returns: number of bytes sent if OK, 1 on error

Platforms: MSG_DONTWAIT flag on FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Mac OS X 10.3 MSG_EOR flag not on Solaris 9

p. 565

ssize_t

[View full width]

sendmsg (int 
sockfd , const struct msghdr *
msg , int
 
flags );

<sys/socket.h>
flags : 0, MSG_DONTROUTE, MSG_EOR, MSG_OOB

Returns: number of bytes sent if OK, 1 on error

Platforms: MSG_DONTWAIT flag on FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Mac OS X 10.3 MSG_EOR flag not on Solaris 9

p. 566

ssize_t

[View full width]

sendto (int 
sockfd , const void *
buf , size_t 
nbytes ,
 int 
flags ,
const struct sockaddr *
destaddr , socklen_t
 
destlen );

<sys/socket.h>
flags : 0, MSG_DONTROUTE, MSG_EOR, MSG_OOB

Returns: number of bytes sent if OK, 1 on error

Platforms: MSG_DONTWAIT flag on FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Mac OS X 10.3 MSG_EOR flag not on Solaris 9

p. 566

void

setbuf (FILE *restrict 
fp , char *restrict 
buf  );

<stdio.h>

p. 136

int

setegid (gid_t 
gid );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 241

int

[View full width]

setenv (const char *
name , const char *
value , int
 
rewrite );

<stdlib.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p. 194

int

seteuid (uid_t 
uid );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 241

int

setgid (gid_t 
gid );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 237

void

setgrent (void);

<grp.h>

p. 167

int

setgroups (int 
ngroups , const gid_t 
grouplist []);


<grp.h>    /* on Linux */
<unistd.h> /* on FreeBSD, Mac OS X, and Solaris */

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 168

void

sethostent (int 
stayopen );

<netdb.h>

p. 553

int

setjmp (jmp_buf 
env );

<setjmp.h>

Returns: 0 if called directly, nonzero if returning from a call to longjmp

p. 197

int

setlogmask (int 
maskpri );

<syslog.h>

Returns: previous log priority mask value

p. 430

void

setnetent (int 
stayopen );

<netdb.h>

p. 554

int

setpgid (pid_t 
pid , pid_t 
pgid );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 269

void

setprotoent (int 
stayopen );

<netdb.h>

p. 554

void

setpwent (void);

<pwd.h>

p. 164

int

setregid (gid_t 
rgid , gid_t 
egid );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 240

int

setreuid (uid_t 
ruid , uid_t 
euid );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 240

int

setrlimit (int 
resource , const struct rlimit *
rlptr );

<sys/resource.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p. 202

void

setservent (int 
stayopen );

<netdb.h>

p. 555

pid_t

setsid (void);

<unistd.h>

Returns: process group ID if OK, 1 on
error

p. 271

int

[View full width]

setsockopt (int 
sockfd , int 
level , int 
option ,
 const void *
val , socklen_t 
len );

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 579

void

setspent (void);

<shadow.h>

Platforms: Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 166

int

setuid (uid_t 
uid );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 237

int

[View full width]

setvbuf (FILE *restrict 
fp , char *restrict 
buf , int
 
mode , size_t 
size );

<stdio.h>
mode : _IOFBF, _IOLBF, _IONBF

Returns: 0 if OK, nonzero on error

p. 136

void

*shmat (int 
shmid , const void *
addr , int 
flag );

<sys/shm.h>flag : 0, SHM_RND, SHM_RDONLY

Returns: pointer to shared memory segment if OK, 1 on error

p. 536

int

shmctl (int 
shmid , int 
cmd , struct shmid_ds *
buf  );

<sys/shm.h>
cmd : IPC_STAT, IPC_SET, IPC_RMID,
SHM_LOCK, SHM_UNLOCK

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 535

int

shmdt (void *
addr );

<sys/shm.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 536

int

shmget (key_t 
key , int 
size , int 
flag );

<sys/shm.h>
flag : 0, IPC_CREAT, IPC_EXCL

Returns: shared memory ID if OK, 1 on error

p. 534

int

shutdown (int 
sockfd , int 
how );

<sys/socket.h>
how : SHUT_RD, SHUT_WR, SHUT_RDWR

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 548

int

sig2str (int 
signo , char *
str );

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error Platforms: Solaris 9

p. 353

int

[View full width]

sigaction (int 
signo , const struct sigaction
 *restrict 
act ,
struct sigaction *restrict 
oact );

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 324

int

sigaddset (sigset_t *
set , int 
signo );

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 319

int

sigdelset (sigset_t *
set , int 
signo );

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 319

int

sigemptyset (sigset_t *
set );

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 319

int

sigfillset (sigset_t *
set );

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 319

int

sigismember (const sigset_t *
set , int 
signo );

<signal.h>

Returns: 1 if true, 0 if false, 1 on error

p. 319

void

siglongjmp (sigjmp_buf 
env , int 
val );

<setjmp.h>

This function never returns

p. 330

void

(*signal (int 
signo , void (*
func )(int)))(int);

<signal.h>

Returns: previous disposition of signal if OK, SIG_ERR on error

p. 298

int

sigpending (sigset_t *
set );

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 322

int

sigprocmask (int 
how , const sigset_t *restrict 
set ,
sigset_t *restrict 
oset );

<signal.h>
how : SIG_BLOCK, SIG_UNBLOCK, SIG_SETMASK

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 320

int

sigsetjmp (sigjmp_buf 
env , int 
savemask );

<setjmp.h>

Returns: 0 if called directly, nonzero if returning from a call to siglongjmp

p. 330

int

sigsuspend (const sigset_t *
sigmask );

<signal.h>

Returns: 1 with errno set to EINTR

p. 334

int

[View full width]

sigwait (const sigset_t *restrict 
set , int
 *restrict 
signop );

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, error number on failure

p. 413

unsigned

int

sleep (unsigned int 
seconds );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 or number of unslept seconds

p. 347

int

[View full width]

snprintf (char *restrict 
buf , size_t 
n , const char
 *restrict 
format , ...);

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of characters stored in array if OK, negative value if encoding error

p. 149

int

sockatmark (int 
sockfd );

<sys/socket.h>

Returns: 1 if at mark, 0 if not at mark, 1 on error

p. 582

int

socket (int 
domain , int 
type , int 
protocol );

<sys/socket.h>

type : SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_SEQPACKET,

Returns: file (socket) descriptor if OK, 1 on error

p. 546

int

[View full width]

socketpair (int 
domain , int 
type , int 
protocol , int
 
sockfd [2]);

<sys/socket.h>
type : SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_SEQPACKET,

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 594

int

[View full width]

sprintf (char *restrict 
buf , const char *restrict
 
format , ...);

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of characters stored in array if OK, negative value if encoding error

p. 149

int

[View full width]

sscanf (const char *restrict 
buf , const char
 *restrict 
format , ...);

<stdio.h>

Returns: number of input items assigned, EOF if input error or end of file before any conversion

p. 151

int

[View full width]

stat (const char *restrict 
pathname , struct stat
 *restrict 
buf );

<sys/stat.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 87

int

str2sig (const char *
str , int *
signop );

<signal.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error Platforms: Solaris 9

p. 353

char

*strerror (int 
errnum );

<string.h>

Returns: pointer to message string

p. 15

size_t

[View full width]

strftime (char *restrict 
buf , size_t 
maxsize ,
const char *restrict 
format , const struct
 tm *restrict 
tmptr );

<time.h>

Returns: number of characters stored in array if room, 0 otherwise

p. 176

char

*strsignal (int 
signo );

<string.h>

Returns: a pointer to a string describing the signal

p. 352

int

symlink (const char *
actualpath , const char *
sympath );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 115

void

sync (void);

<unistd.h>

p. 77

long

sysconf (int 
name );

[View full width]

<unistd.h>

name : _SC_ARG_MAX, _SC_ATEXIT_MAX, _SC_CHILD_MAX
,_SC_CLK_TCK, _SC_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX,
_SC_HOST_NAME_MAX, _SC_IOV_MAX, _SC_JOB_CONTROL,
_SC_LINE_MAX, _SC_LOGIN_NAME_MAX,
_SC_NGROUPS_MAX,
_SC_OPEN_MAX, _SC_PAGESIZE, _SC_PAGE_SIZE,
_SC_READER_WRITER_LOCKS, _SC_RE_DUP_MAX,
_SC_SAVED_IDS, _SC_SHELL, _SC_STREAM_MAX,
_SC_SYMLOOP_MAX, _SC_TTY_NAME_MAX,
_SC_TZNAME_MAX,
_SC_VERSION, _SC_XOPEN_CRYPT, _SC_XOPEN_LEGACY,
_SC_XOPEN_REALTIME, _SC_XOPEN_REALTIME_THREADS,
_SC_XOPEN_VERSION

Returns: corresponding value if OK, 1 on error

p. 41

void

syslog (int 
priority , char *
format , ...);

<syslog.h>

p. 430

int

system (const char *
cmdstring );

<stdlib.h>

Returns: termination status of shell

p. 246

int

tcdrain (int 
filedes );

<termios.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 653

int

tcflow (int 
filedes , int 
action );

<termios.h>
action : TCOOFF, TCOON, TCIOFF, TCION

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 653

int

tcflush (int 
filedes , int 
queue );

<termios.h>
queue : TCIFLUSH, TCOFLUSH, TCIOFLUSH

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 653

int

tcgetattr (int 
filedes , struct termios *
termptr );

<termios.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 643

pid_t

tcgetpgrp (int 
filedes );

<unistd.h>

Returns: process group ID of foreground process group if OK, 1 on error

p. 273

pid_t

tcgetsid (int 
filedes );

<termios.h>

Returns: session leader's process group ID if OK, 1 on error

p. 274

int

tcsendbreak (int 
filedes , int 
duration );

<termios.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 653

int

[View full width]

tcsetattr (int 
filedes , int 
opt , const struct
 termios *
termptr );

<termios.h>
opt : TCSANOW, TCSADRAIN, TCSAFLUSH

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 643

int

tcsetpgrp (int 
filedes , pid_t 
pgrpid );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 273

long

telldir (DIR *
dp );

<dirent.h>

Returns: current location in directory associated with

p. 120

char

*tempnam (const char *
directory , const char *
prefix );

<stdio.h>

Returns: pointer to unique pathname

p. 157

time_t

time (time_t *
calptr );

<time.h>

Returns: value of time if OK, 1 on error

p. 173

clock_t

times (struct tms *
buf );

<sys/times.h>

Returns: elapsed wall clock time in clock ticks if OK, 1 on error

p. 257

FILE

*tmpfile (void);

<stdio.h>

Returns: file pointer if OK, NULL on error

p. 155

char

*tmpnam (char *
ptr );

<stdio.h>

Returns: pointer to unique pathname

p. 155

int

truncate (const char *
pathname , off_t 
length );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 105

char

*ttyname (int 
filedes );

<unistd.h>

Returns: pointer to pathname of terminal, NULL on error

p. 655

mode_t

umask (mode_t 
cmask );

<sys/stat.h>

Returns: previous file mode creation mask

p. 97

int

uname (struct utsname *
name );

<sys/utsname.h>

Returns: non-negative value if OK, 1 on error

p. 171

int

ungetc (int 
c , FILE *
fp );

<stdio.h>

Returns:

c if OK, EOF on error

p. 141

int

unlink (const char *
pathname );

<unistd.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 109

int

unlockpt (int 
filedes );

<stdlib.h>

Returns: 0 on success, 1 on error

Platforms: FreeBSD 5.2.1, Linux 2.4.22, Solaris 9

p. 682

void

unsetenv (const char *
name );

<stdlib.h>

p. 194

int

[View full width]

utime (const char *
pathname , const struct utimbuf
 *
times );

<utime.h>

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

p. 116

int

[View full width]

vfprintf (FILE *restrict 
fp , const char *restrict
 
format , va_list 
arg );

<stdarg.h>
<stdio.h>

Returns: number of characters output if OK, negative value if output error

p. 151

int

[View full width]

vfscanf (FILE *restrict 
fp , const char *restrict
 
format , va_list 
arg );

<stdarg.h>
<stdio.h>

Returns: number of input items assigned, EOF if input error or end of file before any conversion

p. 151

int

vprintf (const char *restrict 
format , va_list 
arg );

<stdarg.h>
<stdio.h>

Returns: number of characters output if OK, negative value if output error

p. 151

int

vscanf (const char *restrict 
format , va_list 
arg );

<stdarg.h>
<stdio.h>

Returns: number of input items assigned, EOF if input error or end of file before any conversion

p. 151

int

[View full width]

vsnprintf (char *restrict 
buf , size_t 
n , const char
 *restrict 
format ,
va_list 
arg );

<stdarg.h>
<stdio.h>

Returns: number of characters stored in array if OK, negative value if encoding error

p. 151

int

[View full width]

vsprintf (char *restrict 
buf , const char *restrict
 
format , va_list 
arg );

<stdarg.h>
<stdio.h>

Returns: number of characters stored in array if OK, negative value if encoding error

p. 151

int

[View full width]

vsscanf (const char *restrict 
buf , const char
 *restrict 
format ,
va_list 
arg );

<stdarg.h>
<stdio.h>

Returns: number of input items assigned, EOF if input error or end of file before any conversion

p. 151

void

[View full width]

vsyslog  (int 
priority , const char *
format , va_list
 
arg );

<syslog.h>
<stdarg.h>

p. 432

pid_t

wait (int *
statloc );

<sys/wait.h>

Returns: process ID if OK, 0, or 1 on error

p. 220

int

[View full width]

waitid (idtype_t 
idtype , id_t 
id , siginfo_t *
infop ,
 int 
options );

[View full width]

idtype : P_PID, P_PGID, P_ALL

options : WCONTINUED, WEXITED, WNOHANG, WNOWAIT,
WSTOPPED

Returns: 0 if OK, 1 on error

Platforms: Solaris 9

p. 220

pid_t

waitpid (pid_t 
pid , int *
statloc , int 
options );


<sys/wait.h>
options : 0, WCONTINUED, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED

Returns: process ID if OK, 0, or 1 on error

p. 220

pid_t

[View full width]

wait3 (int *
statloc , int 
options , struct rusage
 *
rusage );


<sys/types.h>
<sys/wait.h>
<sys/time.h>
<sys/resource.h>
options : 0, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED

Returns: process ID if OK, 0, or 1 on error

p. 227

pid_t

[View full width]

wait4 (pid_t 
pid , int *
statloc , int 
options , struct
 rusage *
rusage );


<sys/types.h>
<sys/wait.h>
<sys/time.h>
<sys/resource.h>
options : 0, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED

Returns: process ID if OK, 0, or 1 on error

p. 227

ssize_t

write (int 
filedes , const void *
buf , size_t 
nbytes );

<unistd.h>

Returns: number of bytes written if OK, 1 on error

p. 68

ssize_t

[View full width]

writev (int 
filedes , const struct iovec *
iov , int
 
iovcnt );

<sys/uio.h>

Returns: number of bytes written if OK, 1 on error

p. 483

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Appendix A. Function Prototypes