4.18. File Times
Three time fields are maintained for each file. Their purpose is summarized in Figure 4.19.Figure 4.19. The three time values associated with each file | Field | Description | Example | ls(1) option |
|---|
| st_atime | last-access time of file data | read | -u | | st_mtime | last-modification time of file data | write | default | | st_ctime | last-change time of i-node status | chmod, chown | -c
|
Note the difference between the modification time (st_mtime) and the changed-status time (st_ctime). The modification time is when the contents of the file were last modified. The changed-status time is when the i-node of the file was last modified. In this chapter, we've described many operations that affect the i-node without changing the actual contents of the file: changing the file access permissions, changing the user Section 4.14 that a directory is simply a file containing directory entries: filenames and associated i-node numbers. Adding, deleting, or modifying these directory entries can affect the three times associated with that directory. This is why Section 4.20. The utime function is covered in the next section. The six exec functions are described in Section 8.10. We describe the mkfifo and pipe functions in Chapter 15.) |
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