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6.2. Gmail Search Syntax
Gmail
offers a rich search syntax for routing through your email message
archiveas if you'd expect, or indeed stand
for, any less.from :
Digs through the headers of your email message archive in search of
mail sent by someone matching the keyword that you provide.
from:rael@oreilly.com
to :
The yang to from:'s yin,
to: finds all messages sent to someone matching a
provided keyword. (Don't forget plus-addressing
Hack #72 .)
to:engineers@example.com
to:raelity+shopping@gmail.com
subject :
Matches messages with a particular subject.
subject:"meeting notes"
label :
Looks for messages with a particular label applied.
label:knitting
has:attachment
The has: syntax has only one possible value (at
least at the time of this writing): attachment.
has:attachment in a query returns only messages
having one or more attachments.
has:attachment
filename :
Finds messages with an attachment filename matching a provided
pattern. Used with just a file extension (e.g.,
pdf or txt),
filename: turns up all messages with attachments
of a particular type.
filename:meeting_notes.txt
filename:pdf
in :
Returns a list of messages in a particular collection (read: folder).
Acceptable values for in: are
inbox, trash,
spam, and anywhere (trash and
spam are not included in searches unless explicitly included using
in:trash, in:spam, or
in:anywhere). Oddly enough,
sent isn't a usable value for
in:.
in:inbox
in:anywhere
is :
Acceptable values for is: are
starred, unread, and
read, which return starred, unread, and read
messages, respectively.
is:read
cc :
Finds messages carbon copied to particular recipients.
cc:tara@example.com
bcc :
Finds outgoing messages blind carbon copied to particular recipients.
Note that bcc: won't work on any
incoming mail since there's no way to tell who was
on the bcc line.
bcc:tara@example.com
before :
Matches messages sent or received before a particular date, specified
in yyyy/mm/dd format. Unfortunately, partial datesyear only or
year and monthdon't find anything at all.
before:2004/10/02
after :
Match messages sent or received on or after a
particular date, specified in yyyy/mm/dd format.
after:2004/11/21
6.2.1. Phrase Searches
Enclose phrases in double-quotes (") to have Gmail
search treat them as a unit to be matched exactly (case
isn't taken into account). The following query finds
only accounting department reports:
Subject:"accounting department report"
6.2.2. Basic Boolean
The only Boolean operator supported by Gmail search is
OR (uppercase is required). In the absence of the
OR operator, AND is implicit.The Boolean OR operator works in Gmail searches
just as it does in Google Web searches: specify that any one word or
phrase is acceptable by putting an OR between
each, such as this query, which finds all messages from the boss or
with their subjects marked as urgent:
from:boss@example.com OR subject:urgent
6.2.3. Negation
The negation operator (-) also works as it does in
Google Web Search, excluding messages matching the negated keyword or
operator:keyword pair. So, the following query
turns up all messages to my Example Co. not sent
from the company's special offers department:
to:@examplecom -from:offers@
6.2.4. Grouping
Parentheses are used a little strangely in Gmail queries. When
enclosing a set of words, they specify that all of those words must
be found to be considered a match. So, the following matches messages
sent to both Sam and Mira:
to:(sam mira)Throwing in an OR allows optional matches while
being explicit about groups of optionswhile we humans tend to
be able to parse precedence without need of parentheses, search
engines need a little more help. The following query finds all
messages sent to Sam about rockets or helicopters:
to:sam subject:(rockets OR helicopters)
6.2.5. Mixing Syntax
Gmail's various search operators tend to play well
together. While the tendency is to start out with minimal search
criteria and keep whittling down, with a large number of email
messages, crafting your searches can start to take a lot of work.
Take a chance and provide as much information as you know about the
message you're after and back off bit by bit if you
don't find it. The following query, for instance, is
one that I just couldn't pull off in my
computer's email client:
from:Duncan before:2004/10/01 subject:today "World Cup" lunch
