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Index
C
CAD/CAM, for business processes, 516
Carrier resource, 298
Case examples, in Process Handbook, 4, 221, 243–45
CASE (computer-assisted system engineering) tools, 26, 125–26, 368, 515, 523
Center for Coordination Science (CCS), MIT, 7, 124, 384, 404, 448, 466, 476
Centralization of decision-making, and information technology, 68–69
Cessna, 391, 397
Champy, J., 261, 274–85
Change, increased pace of, 525
Change management, 103–104
product workbench for, 515
Chase Manhattan, 397
Chomskian generative grammar, 195, 204. See also Deep structure
Cisco, 244
Class hierarchy, PIF, 554
Classification, of processes, 211–12
Classification system or structure, 4
for activities, 246–52
and biological classification, 5–6
and engineering handbooks, 6–7
and Human Genome Project, 6
Periodic Table, 4–5
Client/server architecture, 321–22
Code generator, in product workbench, 521
Coding schemes, for organizational processes, 210
Cognitive Science Laboratory, Princeton University, 469
Cognitive scientists, as audience, 12
Collaboration, 50, 50n
Collaborative authoring tools, 72
Collaborative work, debate on nature of, 525–26
Commitments
and exceptions analysis, 424, 425–26, 428–29, 432, 434
taxonomy of, 428–29, 430
Common knowledge, 62–63
Common Lisp project, 469, 470, 473, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 491
Common output dependency, 96, 101–102, 106
Communication
in coordination, 61, 62–63, 72
genres of, 466, 493 (see also Genre taxonomy)
and organizational success, 465–66
Communicative actions, six (5W1H) aspects of, 468n
Compass. See Process Compass
Competence, and performance, 205–206
Competition, 50, 50n
Competitive bidding markets, 74
Completeness, of specializing transformations, 164
Component frameworks, 126
Component integration, 109. See also Design handbook for software components integration
Composite dependency patterns, 295
Composition dependency, 103–104, 106
Comprehensive models of business processes developed elsewhere, 240–43
Computer(s), in coordination, 48
Computer applications, for business process redesign, 549
Computer-assisted system engineering (CASE) tools, 26, 125–26, 368, 515, 523
Computer-based group decision-making tools, 62
Computerized airline reservation systems, 68
Computer science, 23–25
and coordination, 60, 79–80
producer-consumer problem in, 100
and resource allocation, 53–54
specialization and inheritance in, 42
Computer scientists, as audience, 3, 10, 11, 12
Computer software. See at Software Computer-supported cooperative work, 69
Computer systems
considerations in design of, 63
and coordination, 50
distributed and parallel processing in, 73–76
flow dependencies in, 101
goals and activities in, 58
vs. human ''''editors,'''' 35
Concurrency, of resource-in-use, 299, 314, 478
Concurrent engineering, 13, 56
Conflict
design, 447–48 (see also Design conflict management)
naming, 569
Conflicting goals, coordination of, 64–65
Conflict management, 447. See also Design conflict management
Conflict management meta-process, 455–57, 458
Conflict repository, MIT, 457–61, 463. See also Design conflict management repository
Conflict taxonomy, 448, 452–55
Connector, software, 503
Constraints
accessibility, 100
in grammatical models, 200–204, 205
identifying and formulating, 208
and language faculty, 204
monitoring of (process support system), 531–33
planning options based on (process support system), 533–36
usability, 99, 105, 365
Consultants, as audience, 3, 12
Consumability, of resource-in-use, 299, 314
Consumer sharing dependencies, 314
Contract Nets protocol, 73
Contractor (business model archetype), 239
Control, in computer science, 297
Controlled hierarchy, 309, 310, 322
''''Conversation for action,'''' 69
Cooperation, 50, 50n
prerequisite relationship in, 294
Cooperation relationships, 324
Cooperative work tools, 69–73, 76
Coordination, 4, 34–35, 41–42, 47
basic processes in, 51–52, 59, 60
managing producer-consumer relationships, 54–56, 60
managing shared resources, 52–54, 60, 72, 79
managing simultaneity constraints, 56–57, 60
managing task-subtask dependencies, 57–58, 60, 72
for business process reengineering, 289
communication in, 61, 62–63, 72
definition(s) of, 49–50, 78–79
as dependencies management, 19–22, 50–51, 59, 64, 89, 111, 243, 387, 475, 499
and artificial intelligence, 88–89
future research on, 107–108
mechanisms of, 89–90
and multiple-task or -resource dependencies, 96–102
organizational research on, 86–88
and problems, 89
in Process Recombinator, 407
and task-resource dependencies, 91–96
and tasks, 90–91
exceptions related to, 424–25
in field study, 33–34
group, 87
group decision-making in, 62, 72
impersonal, 87
of information using genres, 474–79, 485–86
integration as, 104
interdisciplinary study of, 47 49, 78
in organizational design, 22
personal, 87
as perspective, 63
and designing of cooperative work tools, 69–73, 76
and designing of distributed and parallel processing computer systems, 73–76
and effects of information technology on organizations and markets, 65–69, 76
and identifying coordination components, 64–65
and parametric vs. baseline analysis, 63–64
and Process Handbook, 9, 404
research agenda on, 76–78
and resources, 91–102 (see also Resources)
restaurants as forums for, 185 (see also at Restaurant)
results on from selected fields, 51, 79–83
in software system design, 499–500, 504, 514 (see also Design handbook for software components integration)
and Architecture Description Languages, 511–12
and coordination theory, 511
future research on, 513–14
and open software architecture, 512–13
and Synthesis system, 500–10
in task assignment process, 59–61, 72
Coordination activities, 112
Coordination design space, 296
Coordination mechanics, 71
Coordination mechanisms, 81–82
alternative (hiring case example), 391–92
decomposition of, 92
and dependencies, 21, 85–86, 87–88, 89–90, 104–107, 182, 337–38, 388, 407–408, 450, 475, 517
dimensions of, 87
generic, 243
in knowledge base, 426
taxonomy of, 426–28
for information, 478
and process description technique, 336
for task assignment, 60–61
temporal aspects of, 478
Coordination process design rules, 127
Coordination processes
design space of, 291, 292
models of, 243
representing and classifying of, 76–77
Coordination process or protocol (software system), 127, 499, 503
Coordination structures, 202
Coordination theory, 8–9, 47, 111, 292, 337–38, 511
in context of various kinds of systems, 78
an dependencies typology, 41
in deriving MIT Business Activity Model, 235–38
and goal resolution, 365
and information technology, 47–48
and process description technique, 339–42
in comparison to other process analysis techniques, 366–67
and dependency analysis, 364–65
and design of analysis tools, 368–69
evaluation of, 368
implications of for practitioners, 369–70
Step 1 of (Setting process boundaries), 342–44
Step 2 of (Collecting data), 344–45
Step 3 of (Identifying actors and resources), 345–46
Step 4 of (Identifying activities), 346–51
Step 5 of (Identifying dependencies), 351–63
Step 6 of (Verifying model), 363
and trade-off matrices, 365–66
and Process Handbook, 475–76, 511
and software components, 114
in understanding and representing work, 335
Coordinator (computer-based cooperative work tool), 70, 71, 72
CORBA, 126, 512
Core activities, 111, 387
Coupling, between components (Perrow), 286
''''Cousins'''' (analogies), 33, 401
distant, 395, 461
Coverage, of design conflict management repository, 462
Cover term, 207
Creativity techniques, 381
Creator (business model archetype), 239
Cross-fertilization, 34
Cross-level (multi-level) analysis, 177–78
Cultural structures, 202
Cumulation of results, 36
Cumulative events, 310, 312
Cumulative flows, 321
Cumulative prerequisites, 307, 311
