Index - Organizing Business Knowledge The Mit Process Handbook [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

Index

P

Parallelism, in dataflow diagram, 167

Parallel processing in computer systems, 73–76

Parametric analysis, 63

Partially Shared Views (PSV) translation scheme, 550, 551, 567

Participatory design, for usability, 56

PCF (Process Classification Framework), 240–41

Peer synchronization, 117–18, 309, 310, 322

Performance, vs. competence, 205–206

Performance programs, and syntactic constituents, 198–99

Periodic Table of the Elements, 4–5

Perishable flows, 320

Perishable prerequisites, 307

Perrow, C., 261, 285–88

Persistent event protocols, 310

Persistent flows, 320

Persistent memoryless events, 312

Persistent prerequisites, 306, 311

PERT chart, 367

Petri nets, 70–71, 76, 161, 367, 419, 553

Phasic analysis, 208–209

Philosophy, in analysis of group action, 69–70

Phios Corporation, 8, 222–23, 244, 443

Phrase structure rules, 200

PIF. See Process Interchange Format

PIF. See Process Interchange Format

Planning, and composition dependency, 103

Plural Soar, 23

Polymer system, 71, 72

Pooled dependencies, 85, 87

Prerequisite constraints, 54–55, 99–100, 105–106

Prerequisite dependencies, 114, 117–18, 294, 306–308, 323, 326. See also Flow dependencies

and Barings Bank, 435

in case study (MAG), 358

coordination mechanisms for, 21, 388, 408

managing of, 308–13

Prevention dependencies, 327

Princeton University, Cognitive Science

Laboratory at, 469

Process(es), 43, 336–37

active and inactive, 167

as activities and interdependencies, 180–83

alternative views of, 26, 27

classification of, 211–12

commitments in, 424, 432 (see also Exception analysis methodology)

components of, 179–80

in dataflow diagram, 145

as distinct entities, 35

generic, 28–29

and ICT research, 177

as organizational

grammar as model for, 192–93, 195–211, 214

representation of, 14–15

specificity frontier of, 527–28

theory of, 189

related (sample Handbook entry), 224

and research paradigms, 182–83

research and practice recommendations for, 188–90

and sentences, 199–200

service (restaurant example), 185–88

specialization of, 15–19 (see also 450–51

as unit of analysis, 189

Process analysis tools

design of, 368–69

improvement needed in, 36

Process attributes, 449

Process boundaries, setting of (process description technique), 342

Process-centered research framework, 183–84

Process class, refinement of, 163

Process Classification Framework (PCF), 240–41

Process Compass, 15, 17, 229, 251

for Dow Corning, 445

Process description

exchange of, 550 (see also Process Interchange Format)

verbal account as, 366

Process description technique (coordination-theory based), 339–42

in comparison to other process analysis techniques, 366–67

and dependency analysis, 364–65

and design of analysis tools, 368–69

evaluation of, 368

implications of for practitioners, 369–70

Step 1 of (Setting process boundaries), 342–44

Step 2 of (Collecting data), 344–45

Step 3 of (Identifying actors and resources), 345–46

Step 4 of (Identifying activities), 346–51

Step 5 of (Identifying dependencies), 351–63

Step 6 of (Verifying model), 363

and trade-off matrices, 365–66

Process Handbook, 4, 256, 384, 404, 448–49, 476, 516–17

as case-based reasoner, 24

challenge of, 547

as classification system, 4

for activities, 246–52

and biological classification, 5–6

and engineering handbooks, 6–7

and Human Genome Project, 6

and Periodic Table, 4–5

common exchange format for, 575

and conflict repository, 448, 451, 457–61, 463

contents of, 9, 221–23, 421

case examples, 243–45

comprehensive models of business processes developed elsewhere, 240–43

MIT Business Activity Model, 231–38, 240

MIT Business Model Archetypes, 238–40

coordination mechanisms in, 404 (see also Coordination; Coordination mechanisms)

and coordination perspective on software design, 511

coordination theory in, 475–76 (see also Coordination theory)

dependencies in, 253, 255, 404, 476 (see also at Dependencies)

exceptions in, 253, 256, 423, 432 (see also Exceptions analysis methodology)

field-testing of (case study), 31–32

future research on, 547

and genre taxonomy, 466, 479 (see also Genre taxonomy)

models of coordination processes in, 243

multiple versions of, 221–22

potential of, 258

primary elements of, 217

process description in, 538

and Process Recombinator, 403, 420–21 (see also Process Recombinator)

Process Handbook (cont.)

process specialization in, 404 (see also 35

resources in, 253

sample entry in, 223–29

specialization in, 476 (see also Specialization)

and specialization hierarchy, 156

and Synopsis, 511

syntax of, 480

systems dynamics elements in, 256, 257

theoretical foundations of, 8, 41

coordination, 41–42 (see also Coordination)

process, 43 (see also 42 (see also Specialization)

underlying concepts in, 449–51

uses of, 9–10, 14, 373 (see also Business process redesign; Knowledge management; Software design and generation)

Web (on-line) version of, 223, 471

illustration, 458, 459

Process Handbook project, 3, 443, 551

and design handbook for software component integration, 124–25

history of, 7–8

and Process Interchange Format, 551

Web-based browser in, 420

Process improvement, dependency analyses as basis for, 364–65

Process Innovation: Reengineering Work through Information Technology (Davenport), 261

Process innovations, 13

of Davenport, 261–74

previous approaches to, 380–81

Process Interchange Format (PIF), 23, 26–27, 550–51, 553–56, 575

alphabetic class reference in, 559–67

extensions of, 567–71

future directions for, 571

history and current status of, 551–53

modular structure of, 556, 567–71

rationale for, 556–59

Process management tools, importance of, 443

Process models, 261, 538–39. See also Design methods

verifying of, 363

Process parts, for selling, 444

Process types, for selling, 444

Process Recombinator, 393, 403, 408–409, 460

in comparison to related process design tools, 419

deep structure identified, 409–10

different surface structures found, 410–17

evaluation of, 418

future efforts on, 419–20

implementation of, 420–21

new process designs compared, 417–18

sources of power of, 418

Process redesign. See Business process redesign

Process repository. See Knowledge repository

Process representations, 161

Process selection flow, in Hammer and Champy's business process reengineering, 279. See also Flow dependencies

Process specialization, 15–19, 131–33, 161–62, 384–87, 404–407, 517

dataflow diagrams for, 143–49

by deletion, 158–60

e-business order processing example of, 149–55

and extension semantics, 134–35

frame of reference for, 135–36

and generating of new processes, 141, 143

and organizational design, 155

restaurant information system example of, 140–43

and specializing transformations, 136–38, 156

and state diagrams, 138–39

Process specialization hierarchy, 131–32

and Process Handbook, 156

for restaurant example, 141, 142, 143

and upward propagation, 160–61

Process Specification Language (PSL), 575

Process support systems, 525

Process support systems in dynamic contexts

and assumptions about human nature, 526–27

contributions of, 543

division of labor with user of, 536–37

evaluation of and lessons learned from, 540–41

implementation details of, 538–40

monitoring of constraints in, 531–33

other systems compared with, 541–42

planning of options in, 533–36

and re-usable process components, 538

scenario for (''Heidi's problem''), 526, 528, 531, 532, 534–35, 536, 540

scripts made imperative, 536

and specificity frontier, 527–28, 530, 542

division of, 530

integrating of different spectra of, 537, 543

and providing of context, 530–31

and structure for emergent activity, 528–29

Process synchronization, 292

Process theory, 178–79

Process thinking, 191

Process visions, 263

Producer-consumer dependency. See Flow dependencies

Producer-consumer relationships, managing of, 54–56, 60, 62

''Produce as a typical business'' specialization, 231, 233

Production (core) activities, 111

Product workbench, 515, 524

bank scenario for, 517–22

evaluation of, 522–23

future efforts on, 523–24

requirements for and theoretical foundations of, 515–16

Programming, object-oriented, 17

Programming languages, 109–10

Propagation, upward and downward (specialization hierarchies), 160–61

Prototypical uses, of design conflict management repository, 462–63

ProZessware, 542