The Rituals of Hajj [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

Boundaries of Haram

The boundaries of Haram are known and have been handed down from generation
to generation. From the north is Tan'eem, north-west is Al-Hudaibiyyah, that is,
Shamaisi, north-east is Thaniyyat Jabalil Maqta', east is Batan Namirah,
south-east is Ja'ranah and from south-west is Idha'atul Laban.

The boundaries
of Madinah are the mountains of Aa'ir, Wa'eer and the valleys of Waaqim and
Laili. Although it is not obligatory to wear ihram from Madinah, it is not
permissible to cut the trees, especially the green ones, and, as a matter of
precaution, hunting is not permitted at all.

Place of sacrifice

Rule 283:

If the kaffarah was for
hunting, in the course of an Umrat-ul-Mufradah in a state of ihram, the animal
must be sacrificed in Makkah. If it was in the course of Hajj, the animal must
be sacrificed in Mina. As a matter of precaution, the same ruling applies to any
other penalty.

Rule 284:

If the kaffarah has become
due on the pilgrim, in a state of ihram, for hunting or otherwise, but it was
not fulfilled, until after completing the pilgrimage and arriving home, he is,
evidently, free to kill the animal wherever he likes .

Disbursement of the sacrifice

All penalties, incurred by the pilgrim, must be handed to the poor and the
needy. As a matter of precaution, he must refrain from eating it; if he did so,
as a matter of precaution (al ahwat), he must pay its price to the poor.

Tawaf

In Umrat-ut-Tamatu, the second obligation is tawaf. If a pilgrim deliberately
abandons it, hisHajj, shall be null and void, irrespective of whether or not he
was aware of the rule governing the matter. Delaying its performance could be
materialized in a way that it would no longer be possible to perform it, as it
would be time for the devotional stay in Arafat. Thus, the Umrah will be
invalid.

Apparently, the ihram will also be invalidated. [And as a rectifying
measure], reverting to Hajj-ul-Ifraad is not sufficient, although one should do
so, as a matter of precaution. In both the situations, it is obligatory to
repeat the Hajj in the following year.

Conditions of Tawaf

There are certain matters relating to the proper execution of tawaf

First: Niyyah

Tawaf is invalid, if there is no intention to perform it for the purpose of
attaining closeness and obedience to Allah.

Second:Taharah from urine and excrement.

If one performs tawaf despite such uncleanliness, whether deliberately, out
of ignorance, or inadvertently, tawaf is invalid.

Rule 285:

If in the course of tawaf,
the pilgrim, in a state of ihram, passes wind, urine or stool, the situation
could take different hues:

if he does so before completing the fourth round, the tawaf is
invalid and he must repeat it after performing wudhu;


if it occurs involuntarily, after completing the fourth round, he
must interrupt the tawaf, perform wudhu and complete the tawaf from where he
had interrupted it;


if the occurrence, after completing the fourth round, was by
choice, as a matter of precaution, he must complete the tawaf, after
performing wudhu, and repeat it as well.




Rule 286:

Before commencing the tawaf,
a pilgrim may harbour a doubt as to whether he is tahir. He may remember having
performed wudhu. Yet, the doubt relates to whether wudhu was subsequently
broken. He should ignore the doubt; otherwise, it will be obligatory on him to
finish tawaf off, after performing wudhu.

However, if that doubt arises in
the course of tawaf, and if he remembers having performed wudhu before, the
ruling is as already stated.Conversely, if the doubt arises before completing
the fourth round, he must perform wudhu and repeat tawaf. Otherwise, he must
interrupt tawaf, perform wudhu and complete what was left of tawaf rounds.


Rule 287:

If the doubt about the
cleanliness arises after completing tawaf, it must be ignored, although, as a
matter of precaution, it may be repeated. It is, though, obligatory to clean
oneself for the prayer after tawaf.


Rule 288:

If it is not possible to
perform wudhu, for a reason not likely to change [in time], tayammum must be
performed for tawaf. If even tayammum is not possible, tawaf itself cannot be
performed. When all hope of possibility fades away, an agent must be appointed
to perform tawaf on his behalf.However, as a matter of optional recommended
precaution (al ahwatil awla), he must also perform tawaf without wudhu or
tayammum.


Rule 289:

When the periods of Haydh
and Nifas are over, and for one in Janabah, ghusl is obligatory for the
performance of tawaf. If it is not possible to do so, and there is no hope of
any possibility of performing ghusl, tawaf must be carried out with tayammum. In
such a case, as a matter of recommended precaution, an agent must also be
appointed to perform the tawaf; if even tayammum is not possible, the
appointment of the deputy is called for.


Rule 290:

If in the course of
Umrat-ut-Tamatu, a lady, whether in a state of ihram or not, starts her monthly
period; there may not be sufficient time for performing Umrah. She should wait
for the period to be over, perform ghusl and Umrah. If, however, the time is
short, two possibilities could arise:





if the period commenced before assuming ihram, she should change to
Hajj-ul-Ifrad; on completing Hajj rituals, it is obligatory on her to perform
Umrat-ul-Mufradah, where possible.


if the period commences after wearing ihram, she is free to either
perform Hajj-ul-Ifraad, as outlined in the preceding paragraph, or perform the
ceremonies of Umrat-ut-Tamatu, without performing tawaf and its prayer. After
sa'y, she should perform taqseer, and then wear ihram for Hajj. On returning
to Makkah, after completing the rituals at Mina, she should perform tawaf of
Umrah, before performing tawaf for the Hajj.




If even then the bleeding continued and, she was convinced, that it will
continue until after the return from Mina, she should hire an agent to perform
the tawaf for her. She should perform the sa'y herself.


Rule 291:

If the bleeding commences
when a lady, in a state of ihram, is in the course of tawaf, and if it occurs
before completing the fourth round, the tawaf is invalid, and the rule in this
case is as stated above. If, however, it occurs after the fourth round, what was
performed is valid; it is obligatory, though, to complete the remainder of the
tawaf after ghusl. In both the situations, as a matter of precaution, time
permitting, she should perform a complete tawaf afterwards.

Contrariwise,
she should perform sa'y and taqseer, wear the ihram for Hajj and on her return
to Makkah from Mina; after completing the devotional acts there, she should
perform the tawaf by way of qadha, before performing tawaf for jj as stated
above.


Rule 292:

If the bleeding commences
after completing tawaf, but before saying prayer for tawaf, it is valid; she
should say prayer after performing her ghusl. If, however, the time is short,
she should perform sa'y and taqseer, and say prayer by way of qadha, before
tawaf for Hajj.


Rule 293:

If a lady has completed her
tawaf and said her prayer for tawaf, and then feels the bleeding, but is
uncertain as to whether it commenced before the tawaf or the prayer, during one
of them, or after completing the prayer, she should proceed on the basis that
tawaf and the prayer is valid. However, if she knows that it commenced before or
during the prayer, the preceding rule will apply.


Rule 294:

If, when entering Makkah, a
lady is able to perform Umrat-ut-Tamatu' , but deliberately postpones its
completion until her monthly period starts, especially when there is not ample
time left, apparently, her Umrah becomes invalid.


Rule 295:

A it is widely held (alal
mashhoor), in an optional tawaf, taharah, from urine and excrement,is not a
prerequisite, i.e. tawaf is valid without it. However, taharah is essential for
prayer.


Rule 296:

It is sufficient for an ill
person to clean himself according to his condition. For example, he may be
helpless, incontinent, or afflicted with intestinal ailment. Thus, he may not be
able to control himself. As a matter of precaution, the last one who is
suffering from intestinal ailment must do both, i.e. perform tawaf personally,
and hire an agent to perform it on his behalf where possible.

As a matter of
precaution, in the case of a woman with an abnormal menstruation, should perform
a separate wudhu for both tawaf and prayer, if bleeding was little. If it was
moderate, she should perform a ghusl but a separate wudhu for both of them. If
it was intense, she should perform a separate ghusl for tawaf and prayer,
without the need for wudhu, if there is no urination. If there is wudhu should,
as a matter of precaution, also be performed with the ghusl.


Thirdly, Conditions of Tawaf




Taharah of the body and clothes:

Tawaf
is not valid if the body or clothes worn are unclean (najis). The uncleanliness
(najasah) which is excusable in prayer - like a spot of blood of the size of
less than a dirham (roughly, equivalent to the size of ten-pence coin) - is, as
a matter of precaution, not excusable in tawaf. There is no objection to
carrying anything which is najis during tawaf.


Rule 297:

Only out of necessity, there
is no objection to blood, of ulcers or wounds, oozing in the course of tawaf, if
it is difficult to stop. Otherwise, it has to be removed, as a matter of
precaution.In situations of necessity too, the same rule applies to any najasah
coming into contact with the body or clothes.


Rule 298:

If a pilgrim is unaware of
any najasah on his body or clothes, and he becomes aware of it only after
completing tawaf, it is valid and there is no need to repeat it. Similarly, even
the tawaf prayer will be valid, if he was unaware of the uncleanliness until
after prayer.

The exception being, if he was in doubt about the najasah,
before the prayer, or made investigation and did not become aware of it.
However, the person who has a doubt, but does not carry out an investigation,
and notices the uncleanliness after prayer, must repeat the prayer, as a matter
of obligatory precaution.


Rule 299:

If a pilgrim forgets about
the najasah on his body or clothes and remembers after completing tawaf, it is
apparent that the tawaf is valid, albeit, as a matter of precaution, it is
better to repeat it.

However, if he remembers after completing prayer, he
must, as a matter of precaution, repeat the prayer, should the oversight be due
to negligence; otherwise there is no need to repeat it.


Rule 300:

If a pilgrim was unaware of
the najasah on his body or clothes, and became aware of it in the course of
tawaf, or his body or clothes became najis in the course of tawaf, he should
change into clean ones and complete tawaf, if tahir clothes were available. If
not, and it was known that the najasah occurred after completing the fourth
round of tawaf, he should abandon it, clean the clothes or himself, and complete
tawaf.

If this occurs before completing the fourth round, he should abandon
tawaf, clean the clothes or himself and, as a matter of precaution, perform
another complete tawaf, even though it, apparently, is not obligatory to repeat
tawaf.


Fourth: Circumcision for Males




Apparently, as a matter of precaution, if a child capable of rational action
(mumayyiz) wears ihram himself, he must also be circumcised. If he is not, or
his guardian helped him wear ihram, it is not clear that he is required to have
been circumcised for the purpose of tawaf, although, as a matter of precaution,
he should be.


Rule 301:

If an uncircumcised pilgrim
in ihram, be he adult or discerning child, performs a tawaf, it is invalid.
Unless he repeats it, after being circumcised, he will, as a matter of
precaution, be regarded as a person who has abandoned tawaf and treated in the
light of the following rules.


Rule 302:

If a person has the means,
and is able, to perform obligatory pilgrimage, but is not circumcised, he should
be circumcised and can perform pilgrimage in the same year. Otherwise, he must
delay it till after circumcision.

If it is not possible for him to be
circumcised at all, whether because of some pressing matter or any other reason,
it is obligatory on him to perform pilgrimage but he should, as a matter of
precaution, perform tawaf himself for both Umrah and Hajj, and also hire an
agent to perform tawaf, say its prayer on his behalf. He should, though, say
prayer after the agent has said it.


Fifth: Covering the Private Parts




As a matter of precaution, it is necessary to cover one's private parts
during tawaf. The clothes, used for this purpose, have to be lawfully acquired,
i.e. not maghsoub. As a matter of precaution, all the rules applicable to the
clothes worn during prayer must be observed during tawaf as well.