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Hey, UNIX! I Want to Log In
Whether you use a remote PC or a workstation, you have to get the attention of UNIX. You can tell when you have its attention because it demands that you identify yourself by logging in. If you use a workstation, whenever UNIX finishes loading itself, it is immediately ready for you to log in (skip ahead to the section “Logging In: U(NIX) Can Call Me Al”). You terminal users (X or otherwise), however, may not be so lucky.
Direct access
If you’re lucky, your keyboard and screen are attached directly to the main computer, either because the main computer is the only one and you’re sitting at it, or someone’s rigged up a remote PC to log in directly. If so, it displays a friendly invitation to start working, something like this:
ttyS034 login:
Well, maybe the invitation isn’t that friendly. By the way, the ttyS034 is the name UNIX gives to your terminal. Why doesn’t it use something easier to remember, like Fred or Muffy? Beats us!This catchy phrase tells you that you have UNIX’s attention and that it is all ears (metaphorically speaking) and waiting for you to log in. You can skip the next section and go directly to “Logging In: U(NIX) Can Call Me Al.”Tip If your UNIX system displays a terminal name, make a note of it. You don’t care what your terminal’s name is, but, if something gets screwed up and you have to ask an expert for help, we can promise you that the first thing the guru will ask is, “What’s your terminal name?” If you don’t know, the guru may make a variety of nerd-type disparaging comments. But, if you can say, “A-OK, Roger. That’s terminal tty125 ," your guru will assume that you are a with-it kind of user and may even try to help you. (Even if her name isn’t Roger.)
Yo, UNIX! — not-so-direct access
If you’re connecting over the Internet or another network, either find a local network expert to tell you how to connect, or see Chapter 16 for some suggestions.If you’re using a PC with a modem, you probably have to tell the modem to call the UNIX system. Although all terminal emulators have a way to make the call with two or three keystrokes, all these ways are different, of course. (Are you surprised?) You have to ask your local guru for info.After your terminal is attached to the computer, turned on, and otherwise completely ready to do some work, UNIX, as often as not, doesn’t admit that you’re there. It says nothing and seems to ignore you. In this way, UNIX resembles a recalcitrant child — firm but kind discipline is needed here.The most common ways to get UNIX’s attention are
Press the Return or Enter key. (We call it the Enter key in this book, if you don’t mind.) Try it two or three times if it doesn’t work the first time. If you’re feeling grouchy, try it 20 or 30 times and use a catchy cha-cha or conga rhythm. It doesn’t hurt anything and is an excellent way to relieve stress.
Try other attention-getting keystrokes. Ctrl+C (hold down the Ctrl key, sometimes labeled Control, and press C) is a good one. So is Ctrl+Z. Repeat to taste.
If you’re attached to UNIX through a modem, you may have to do some speed matching (described in a minute): Press the Break key a few times. If you’re using a terminal emulator, the Break key may be disguised as Alt+B or some other hard-to-find combination. Ask your guru.
Two modems can talk to each other in about 17,000 different ways, and they have easy-to-remember names, such as B212, V.32, and V.32bis. (Bis is French for “and a half.” Really.) After you call the UNIX system’s modem with your modem, the two modems know perfectly well which way they’re communicating, although UNIX sometimes doesn’t know. Every modem made since about 1983 announces the method it’s using when it makes the connection. Because the corresponding piece of UNIX code dates from about 1975, though, UNIX ignores the modem’s announcement and guesses, probably incorrectly, at what’s being used.If you see something like ~xxx~~r.!" on-screen, you need to try speed matching. Every time you press Break (or the terminal emulator’s version of Break), UNIX makes a different guess at the way its modem is working. If UNIX guesses correctly, you see the login prompt; if UNIX guesses incorrectly, you see another bunch of ~xxx~~~@(r)!" or you see nothing. If UNIX guesses incorrectly, press Break again. If you overshoot and keep Breaking past your matched speed, keep going, and it’ll come around again.After awhile, you learn exactly how many Returns, Enters, Breaks, and whatnots your terminal needs in order to get UNIX’s attention. It becomes second nature to type them, and you don’t even notice what a nerd you look like while you do it. You have no way around that last part, unfortunately.
