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Chapter 16. XHTML
Despite its name, you
don't use Extensible
Markup Language (XML) to
directly create and mark up web documents. Instead, you use XML
technology to define a new markup language, which you then use to
mark up web documents. This should come as no surprise to anyone who
has read the previous chapter in this book. Nor, then, should it
surprise you that one of the first languages defined using XML is an
XML-ized version of HTML, the most popular markup language ever. HTML
is being disciplined and cleaned up by XML, to bring it back into
line with the larger family of markup languages. This standard is
XHTML 1.0.[1]
[1] Throughout this chapter, we use
"XHTML" to mean the XHTML 1.0
standard. There is a nascent XHTML 1.1 standard that diverges from
HTML 4.01 and is more restrictive than XHTML 1.0. We describe the
salient features of XHTML 1.1 in Section 16.4.
Because of HTML's legacy features and oddities,
using XML to describe HTML was not an easy job for the W3C. In fact,
certain HTML rules, as we'll discuss later, cannot
be represented using XML. Nonetheless, if the W3C has its way, XHTML
will ultimately replace the HTML we currently know and love.
So much of XHTML is identical to HTML's current
standard, Version 4.01, that almost everything presented elsewhere in
this book can be applied to both HTML and XHTML. The differences,
both good and bad, are detailed in this chapter. To become fluent in
XHTML, you'll first need to absorb the rest of this
book, and then adjust your thinking to embrace what we present in
this chapter.
