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2.5 The Flesh on an HTML or XHTML Document
Except for the
<html>, <head>,
<body>, and <title>
tags, the HTML and XHTML standards have few other required structural
elements. You're free to include pretty much
anything else in the contents of your document. (The web surfers
among you know that authors have taken full advantage of that
freedom, too.) Perhaps surprisingly, though, there are only three
main types of HTML/XHTML content: tags (which we described
previously), comments, and text.
2.5.1 Comments
A raw document with all its embedded tags can quickly become nearly
unreadable, like computer-programming source code. We strongly
recommend that you use
comments to guide
your composing eye.
Although it's part of your document, nothing in a
comment, which goes between the special starting tag
<!-- and ending tag -->
comment delimiters, gets included in the browser display of your
document. You see a comment in the source, as in our simple HTML
example, but you don't see it on the display, as
evidenced by our comment's absence in Figure 2-1. Anyone can download the source text of your
documents and read the comments, though, so be careful what you
write. [Section 3.5.3]
2.5.2 Text
If it
isn't a tag or a comment, it's
text. The bulk of content in most of your HTML/XHTML
documents the part readers see on their browser
displays is text. Special tags give the text structure, such as
headings, lists, and tables. Others advise the browser how the
content should be formatted and displayed.
2.5.3 Multimedia
What about images
and other multimedia elements we see and hear as part of our web
browser displays? Aren't they part of the HTML
document? No. The data that comprises digital images, movies, sounds,
and other multimedia elements that may be included in the browser
display are in documents separate from the main HTML/XHTML document.
You include references to those multimedia
elements via special tags. The browser uses the references to load
and integrate other types of documents with your text.
We didn't include any special multimedia references
in the previous example simply because they are separate, nontext
documents that you can't just type into a text
processor. We do, however, talk about and give examples of how to
integrate images and other multimedia in your documents later in this
chapter, as well as in extensive detail in subsequent
chapters.
