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16.4 XHTML 1.1
In May 2001, the W3C released an updated XHTML standard, XHTML 1.1. While most
standards expand upon their previous versions, XHTML 1.1 takes the
unusual step of defining a more restrictive version of XHTML. If you
think of XHTML 1.0 as unwieldy, picky, and time-consuming,
you'll find XHTML 1.1 even more so. In our opinion,
XHTML 1.1 is an example of the standards process taken to absurd
levels, defining a standard that may be academically pure but is
essentially unusable.
16.4.1 Differences in XHTML 1.1
XHTML 1.1 begins with the XHTML 1.0 strict DTD and makes a few
modifications. By supporting only the strict version of XHTML 1.0,
Version 1.1 eliminates all deprecated elements and all
browser extensions still in common use on
the Web. It also makes the following minor changes:
The lang attribute has been removed from every
element. Instead, authors should use the xml:lang
attribute.
The name attribute has been removed from the
<a> and <map>
elements. Authors should use the id attribute in
its place.
Finally, the XHTML 1.1 standard defines a new set of elements that
implement a typographic feature known as
"ruby" text.
Ruby text is short runs of text placed
alongside the base text; it is often used to annotate the text or to
indicate pronunciation. Ruby text has its roots in East Asian
documents, particularly Chinese schoolbooks and Japanese books and
magazines. Ruby text is typically displayed in a smaller
font[7] than the base text and
follows certain alignment rules to ensure that it appears adjacent to
the appropriate base text element.
[7] The origin of the name
"ruby" lies in the name used by
printers for the 5.5-point font used by the British press to set this
smaller adjacent text.
Ruby text is defined and managed with a set of elements that provides
grouping and layout control. We'll be blunt: this
new feature is so esoteric and of so little importance to the vast
majority of HTML authors even those who would subject
themselves to the needless agony of XHTML 1.1 conformance that
it does not warrant extensive coverage in this book. For those who
are interested, a complete discussion of ruby text can be found at
http://www.w3.org/TR/ruby/.
For the rest of us, it is sufficient to know that there are a few new
elements in XHTML 1.1 that you would be wise not to
use in your own DTDs, if only to prevent confusion with the XHTML 1.1
DTD. These new elements are:
<ruby>
Defines a segment of ruby text
<rb>
Defines the ruby base text
<rt>
Defines the ruby text associated with the base text
<rp>
Is used as a "ruby parenthesis" to
group related ruby elements
<rbc>
Serves as a ruby base text container to group several base text
elements
<rtc>
Serves as a ruby text container to group several ruby elements
Should you encounter any of these elements in a document, refer to
the above-mentioned specification for the details of how they are
used. In general, you'll find a single outer
<ruby> element with at least one
<rb> and <rt>
element within it. Multiple <rb> and
<rt> elements may be collected within an
<rp> element or may be grouped within the
<rbc> or <rtc>
container elements.
