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3.9 Editorial Markup
HTML 4.0 introduced two tags that can
help groups of authors collaborate in the development of documents
and maintain some semblance of editorial and version control. The
insert (<ins>) and delete
(<del>) tags respectively let you either
designate portions of your document's body as new or
added content or designate old stuff that should be replaced. And
with special attributes, you can indicate when you made the change
(datetime) and a reference to a document that may
explain the change (cite).
3.9.1 The <ins> and <del> Tags
The
<ins> and <del>
tags let authors set off portions of body contents that they intend
to add to or delete from the current versions of their documents.
HTML 4/XHTML-compliant browsers display the contents of the
<ins> or <del> tags
in some special way so that readers can quickly scan the document for
the changes.
<ins> and <del>Function Define inserted and deleted document content Attributes cite, class, datetime, dir, id, lang, onClick, onDblClick, onKeyDown, onKeyPress, onKeyUp, onMouseDown, onMouseMove, onMouseOut, onMouseOver, onMouseUp, style, title End tag </ins> and </del>; never omitted Contains body_content Used in body_content |
Explorer 4 and its earlier versions. The newer versions of Internet
Explorer (Versions 5 and 6) and Netscape (Version 6) use common
editorial markings by underlining inserted text and striking out
deleted text (Figure 3-3).
Figure 3-3. Internet Explorer 6 displays <ins>- and <del>-tagged content
3.9.1.1 The cite attribute
The cite
attribute lets you document the reasons for the insertion or
deletion. Its value must be a URL that points to some other document
that explains the inserted/deleted text. How cite
gets treated by a browser is a question for the future.
3.9.1.2 The datetime attribute
Although the reason for the change is important, knowing when a
change was made is often more important. The
datetime attribute for the
<ins> and <del>
tags takes a single value: a specially encoded date and time stamp.
The rigorous format for the datetime value is
YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssTZD. The components are:
YYYY is the year, such as 1998 or 2003.
MM is the month; 01 for January through 12 for
December.
DD is the day; 01 through 31.
T is a required character designating the
beginning of the time segment of the stamp.
hh is the hour in 24-hour format; 00 (midnight)
through 23 (11 P.M.). (Add a following colon if you include the
minutes.)
mm are the minutes on the hour; 00 through 59.
(Add a following colon if you include the seconds.)
ss are the seconds; 00 through 59.
TZD is the time-zone designator. It can be one of
three values: Z, indicating Greenwich Mean
Time,[4] or the
hours, minutes, and seconds before (-) or after
(+) Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), where time
is relative to the time in Greenwich, England.
[4] Greenwich Mean Time is also known as
"Zulu," thus the value of
"Z."
For example:
2003-02-22T14:26Z
decodes to February 22, 2003 at 2:26 P.M. Greenwich Mean Time. To
specify Eastern Standard Time, the code for the same time and date
is:
2003-02-22T09:26-05:00
Notice that the local time zone may change depending on where the
document gets edited, whereas the universal time will stay the same.
3.9.1.3 The class, dir, event, id, lang, style, title, and events attributes
There are several nearly universal attributes for the many HTML and
XHTML tags. These attributes give you a common way to identify
(title) and label (id) a
tag's contents for later reference or automated
treatment, to change the contents' display
characteristics (class, style),
and to reference the language used (lang) and
related direction the text should flow (dir).
There are also input events that may happen in and around the tagged
contents that you may react to via an on-event attribute and some
programming. [Section 3.6.1.1] [Section 3.6.1.2] [Section 4.1.1.4] [Section 4.1.1.4] [Section 8.1.1] [Section 8.3] [Section 12.3.3]
3.9.2 Using Editorial Markup
The uses of <ins>
and <del> are obvious to anyone who has used
a "boilerplate" document or form or
has collaborated with others in the preparation of a document.
For example, law firms typically have a collection of online legal
documents that are specially completed for each client. Law clerks
usually do the "fill in," and the
final document gets reviewed by a lawyer. To highlight where the
clerk made changes in the document so that they are readily evident
to the reviewer, use the <ins> tag to
indicate the clerk's added text and the
<del> tag to mark the text that was
replaced. Optionally, use the cite and
datetime attributes to indicate when and why the
changes were made.
For example, the clerk might fill in a boilerplate document with the
law firm's and representative's
names, indicating the time and source for the change:
The party of the first part, as represented by
<ins datetime=2002-06-22T08:30Z
cite="http://www.mull+dull.com/tom_dullerl">
Thomas Muller of Muller and Duller
</ins>
<del>[insert representation here]</del>
The editorial markup tags could also be used by editing tools to
denote how documents were modified as authors make changes over a
period of time. With the correct use of the cite
and datetime attributes, it would be possible to
recreate a version of a document from a specific point in
time.
