Exam Prep 2 [Electronic resources] : Windows XP Professional نسخه متنی

Implementing, Managing, Monitoring, and Troubleshooting Hardware Devices

• The tools within the Computer Management console include Event Viewer, Performance Logs and Alerts, Device Manager, Removable Storage, Disk Defragmenter, Disk Management, Services, WMI Control, and Indexing Service.

• A hardware device may exhibit errors because of its separate adapter's configuration, device driver, or general failure. For example, a SCSI device may exhibit errors when the SCSI adapter is not terminated or has an incompatible driver.

• Table 8 describes common problems encountered when installing or using CD/DVD drives, and the appropriate solutions.

• Watch out for questions on the exam that require you to know when to perform a clean boot (press F8 on bootup), as well as the process to do so. You can customize how Windows XP Professional starts up by clicking Start, Run, typing msconfig in the Open text box, and pressing Enter.

• There are several utilities that can help manage the disk partitions. You should be logged in as an administrator-level user to make disk or volume configuration changes, such as when using Fsutil.exe or Disk Management.

  • Chkdsk.exe Command-line utility that verifies and repairs FAT- or NTFS-formatted volumes.

  • Cleanmgr.exe Also known as Disk Cleanup, a GUI utility that deletes unused files.

  • Defrag.exe Also known as Disk Defragmenter, a command-line utility that rearranges files contiguously, recapturing and reorganizing free space in the volume. Optimizes performance.

  • Dfrg.msc Also known as Disk Defragmenter, a GUI utility that performs the same actions as DEFRAG.EXE.

  • Diskpart.exe A command-line utility that can run a script to perform disk-related functions. DISKPART's nearest GUI counterpart is the Disk Management utility.

  • Fsutil.exe A command-line utility that displays information about the file system and can perform disk-related functions.

• Table 9 describes common disk errors and how to resolve them.

  Table 9. Troubleshooting Disk Errors

  Error	Problem or Process	Possible Repairs
  Non-system disk	Computer is trying to boot from a disk without a boot volume.	Remove any non-system disks from the floppy or CD-ROM. Repair the boot volume using Windows Recovery Console.
  There is not enough memory or disk space to complete the operation	Disk is full.	Free up space on the hard disk by deleting files, removing applications, or compressing files. Add another disk and extend the volume to span both disks.
  NTLDR is missing	Primary partition is marked as active but does not contain boot files.	Copy Ntldr, Ntdetect.com, and Boot.ini to the boot volume using Windows Recovery Console. Boot up with a floppy. Use FDISK to mark the boot volume as active.
  Missing Operating System	No active partition is defined.	Boot up with a floppy. Use Diskpart.exe to mark the boot volume as active. Check the BIOS and reconfigure any wrong boot volume settings. Use Windows XP Recovery Console. Reinstall Windows XP.
  Non-System Disk or Disk Error	The BIOS generates this error when the master boot record (MBR) or boot sector is damaged, or when a different device is configured as the boot device in the BIOS.	Check the BIOS and reconfigure, if necessary. Remove any non-bootable floppy disks from the PC. Repair the boot volume with Windows Recovery Console. Reinstall Windows XP. Replace the hard disk.
  Invalid Media Type	Boot sector is damaged.	Repair the boot volume with Windows Recovery Console. Reinstall Windows XP. Replace the hard disk.
  Hard disk controller failure	BIOS's disk controller configuration is invalid, or the hard disk controller has failed.	Check the BIOS and reconfigure controller. Replace the hard disk controller.

• Table 10 describes various types of dynamic volumes.

• Laptops do not support dynamic disks.

• A dynamic disk cannot be read by other operating systems in a dual-boot configuration.

• For video-related problems, the System Configuration utility enables you to edit the Boot.ini and change the startup parameter /BASEVIDEO.

• Table 11 describes lists common display errors and the appropriate troubleshooting steps.

• The Display applet in Control Panel can configure multiple monitor support after the video adapter, driver, and monitor are installed.

• Windows 2000 video drivers are generally compatible with Windows XP. If you have a computer that has been upgraded from Windows 2000 and functions well, but a brand-new computer with the exact same hardware has display problems, you should try installing the Windows 2000 video driver.

• ACPI requires the correct HAL to function. If the wrong HAL is installed, the only way to change to an ACPI HAL is to reinstall the operating system.