Exam Prep 2 [Electronic resources] : Windows XP Professional نسخه متنی

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IP address information applied to the network interface consists of an IP address (a unique, logical 32-bit address that identifies the computer and its subnet), subnet mask (when applied to an IP address it determines what portion is the host address and what is the subnet), default gateway (the router's address that leads to the main network or public Internet), DNS server address (IP address of the DNS server where names are resolved to IP addresses), and Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) server address (IP address of the server that provides NetBIOS name to IP address resolution).
Each network connection in My Network Places represents a separate adapter and separate IP address information.
When you choose Bridge Network Connections in Windows XP, you are creating a bridge that joins the networks of two separate adapters in a dual-homed Windows XP computer.
The Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing (APIPA) system provides an alternate configuration to DHCP for automatic IP addressing.
APIPA defines its IP addresses in the range of 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254. The subnet mask on these addresses is configured as 255.255.0.0.
Table 21 describes the IP address classes, including the maximum number of networks and number of hosts per network for each class.

Table 21. IP Address Classes
Class	Dotted Decimal Range	First Octet Binary	Usage	Number of Networks	Number of Hosts Per Network
A	1.0.0.0 126.255.255.255	0xxxxxxx	Large networks/ISPs	126	16,777,214
B	128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255	10xxxxxx	Large or mid-size networks/ISPs	16,382	65,534
C	192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255	110xxxxx	Small networks	2,097,150	255
D	224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255	1110xxxx	Multicasting	N/A	N/A
E	240.0.0.0 254.255.255.255	1111xxxx	Reserved for future use	N/A	N/A
Loopback	127.0.0.1 127.255.255.255	01111111	Loopback testing	N/A	N/A
Private IP Class A address	10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255	00001010	Reserved for a private network	1	16,777,214
Private IP Class B address	172.16.0.0 172.16.255.255	10101100	Reserved for a private network	1	65,534
Private IP Class C address	192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255	11000000	Reserved for a private network	254	254

Know how to use Event Viewer, Ipconfig, Ping, Ftp, Nbtstat, Netstat, Nslookup, and tracert.
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a dial-up protocol that supports TCP/IP and IPX/SPX and others with advanced compression and encryption functions. Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) is an older dial-up protocol originally created for Unix that supports only TCP/IP.
Tunneling protocols are used for virtual private networks (VPNs). They are Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP), which supports multiple networking protocols; and Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP), which also supports multiple networking protocols and is used with IP Security (IPSec).
Table 22 describes remote access authentication protocols and their security methods.

Table 22. Authentication Protocols for Remote Access
Acronym	Name	Security
CHAP	Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol	One-way authentication. Server authenticates client.
EAP	Extensible Authentication Protocol	Not used to provide its own security, enables enhanced interoperability and efficiency of authentication process.
MS-CHAP	Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol	One-way authentication. Server authenticates client.
MS-CHAPv2	Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol version 2	Mutual (two-way) authentication.
PAP	Password Authentication Protocol	Clear-text, one-way authentication. Least secure method.
SPAP	Shiva Password Authentication Protocol	Reversible encryption, one-way authentication.
Smart cards	Certificates	Certificate-based, two-way authentication.

The most secure protocol is certificate based. The next most secure is MS-CHAPv2. The least secure is PAP.
Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) can be configured on a Windows XP Professional computer to share its Internet connection with other computers on its local network.
ICS runs a simplified DHCP service, DNS forwarder, Network Address Translation (NAT), and TCP/IP traffic forwarding.
Table 23 lists various commands that are used to access networked resources via a web browser.

Table 23. Accessing Resources Via a Browser
Command	Sample URL	Usage
`http://`	http://www.microsoft.com	Download186 files from Internet web servers and displays the file within the browser.
`https://`	https://www.microsoft.com	Uses SSL to downloa171 files so that the information exchanged is secured.
`ftp://`	ftp://ftp.microsoft.com	Downloads a file from an FTP server.
`File://`	File://server/share/folder/file	Opens the file specified from a network server.
`http://`	http://printserver/printers	Displays a list of the printers that are being shared by a computer configured with IIS for sharing printers.
`http://`	http://printserver/printer	Opens the printer page for the printer.
`http://`	http://username:password@ www.intranet.local	Automatically inputs a username and password to access a password-protected website.

Remote Assistance and Remote Desktop both use Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP).
To share a Remote Desktop session, you open the System applet in Control Panel, click the Remote tab and check the box next to Allow Users to Connect Remotely to This Computer. Then you must click the Add Users button to select the users allowed to connect.
Remote Desktop privileges are automatically granted to any member of the Administrators group.
Remote Assistance allows a user running a Windows XP computer on a network to request assistance online, or for an expert to offer assistance remotely. The expert's session is a shadow of the user's console.
To request Remote Assistance, you use Help and Support in the Start menu.
Remote Assistance requests can be made through Windows Messenger, email, or file.

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