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Troubleshooting an Attended InstallationObjective:Perform and troubleshoot an attended installation of Windows XP Professional.When you are sitting in front of a computer, watching it go through the various installation phases, it's easier to troubleshoot a problem as it occurs than to resolve a failed installation after the event. Therefore, it helps to know what phases the computer goes through during installation because this can point to the source of the problem. Table 4.1 describes the installation stages. Common Problems During InstallationThe Windows XP Setup Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is not compatible with Windows XP Professional. Typically, it takes much longer to fix a problem, or to run the installation again, than it does to gather the tools and information you need before you start the installation. As it happens, an ounce of preparation is equal to a pound of troubleshooting.Exam AlertHave the latest BIOS One or two exam questions look for a combination of answers, with one being the need for the latest BIOS. Compatibility with Windows XP is not just related to hardware or software, it includes firmware.You will review specific problems that you may encounter during installation. These consist of media errors, insufficient hard disk space, unrecognized CD-ROM, a network that can't be accessed, and problems that require an advanced startup.Exam AlertBe prepared to draw conclusions from stated symptoms Often, exam questions simply describe the symptoms of a problem. You need to draw conclusions from the exam question and then create a solution. To succeed on these questions, you should be thoroughly familiar with the most common problems that can occur during installation. Media ProblemsWindows XP Professional can be installed directly from a bootable CD-ROM drive. If the disk does not boot, check to see whether the drive can be configured as a boot drive, and whether this is set in the computer's BIOS. If you are installing from a bootable CD-ROM and your computer has difficulty reading from the disc, the quickest way to resolve the problem may be to simply use a different Windows XP Setup CD-ROM. Even though a CD-ROM has worked in the past for other installations, it might have become scratched or otherwise damaged. If you inspect the data side of the disc and discover fingerprints, a simple cleaning may fix the problem. To determine whether it is the CD-ROM or a problem with the CD-ROM drive, test the disc on another computer. If you have the same or similar errors reading the disc, you should contact Microsoft for a replacement.If you boot from a CD-ROM and the Setup process begins but is unable to copy files to the computer, you might have an unsupported CD-ROM drive. Try to install Windows XP from another locationeither from another CD-ROM drive or across the network. Another option is to copy the Setup files to a local hard drive before beginning Setup.For network installations, you can boot to the network from either the computer's existing operating system or a Setup floppy boot disk. If you have problems with the boot disk, test it on an alternate computer to see whether the disk needs to be re-created. Insufficient Hard Drive SpaceThe minimum hardware requirements for installing Windows XP Professional state that you should have 640MB of available drive space for the operating system. This is not the minimum required for installation, however. For that, you should have at least 1.5GB of available disk space. Even if you want to have a partition smaller than 1.5GB on which the base operating system is to be installed, you can create additional partitions on the hard disk to reach the amount of space you need. If your hard drive is smaller than 1.5GB, you should add a new hard drive or replace the drive.Exam AlertReality bytes Although theoretically (and on the exam) you can install Windows XP with only 1.5GB of free space, the reality is you need well over 2GB. On an exam question that suggests installing Windows XP on a disk with less than 1.5GB total of space, select the answer to add another disk or replace the disk. Unrecognizable CD-ROM DriveIf the Setup program doesn't recognize the CD-ROM drive, check whether the CD-ROM drive is compatible with Windows XP Professional. If it is, you may be able to load updated drivers from the manufacturer. A much easier solution is to install across a network or to copy the files to a local drive before running Setup. Unavailable NetworkNetwork connectivity can be a problem caused by simple errors, such as the following:
For each of Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) connections and protocol statistics. To find all the applicable switches, type netstat /? at the command prompt, as shown in command switches, type nbtstat /? at a command prompt. | ||
| Trace Route | TRacert | Shows all the routing hops that a packet takes to reach a destination on a network. |
Figure 4.1. The netstat command with switches is used for troubleshooting.
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Step by Step: 4.1 Checking Network Adapter Settings
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Advanced Startup
Sometimes you can install the Windows XP operating system but cannot get the computer to boot normally. You can use options in the Advanced Options Menu by pressing F8 during the initial boot sequence. Use the Safe Mode option to load the minimum necessary operating system drivers and then continue to troubleshoot the problem by making configuration changes as appropriate. You can also select Safe Mode with Networking to access network or Internet resources.Another useful option is Enable Boot Logging. Boot logging stores information about drivers that initialize upon startup in the %systemroot% directory in a file named Ntbtlog.txt. You can identify incorrect, missing, or possibly corrupt drivers and replace them as necessary. You can get more information about boot logging from the Microsoft website at http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/Windows/XP/all/reskit/en-us/Default.asp?url=/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/reskit/en-us/prmb_tol_rpsc.asp.
Recovery Console
The Recovery Chapter 9, "Monitoring and Optimizing System Performance and Reliability," for more information about the Recovery Console, or use the Windows XP Help and Support Center by clicking Start, Help and Support.)
Refer to Compatibility
As you probably noticed in the previous sections, there are several references to checking the compatibility of your hardware, BIOS, and drivers. This is probably the main issue that affects a new installation of Windows XP Professional. Compatibility with Windows XP means that Microsoft supports the driver or the device. If you have hardware that is not listed on the Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) or in the Windows Catalog, even if Windows XP installs and appears to work correctly, in the event of an error Microsoft will not provide any technical support.NoteCheck your hardware first Hardware compatibility should be the first thing to check when you have an installation failure.Application compatibility is another significant concern. Because many unattended installations of Windows XP automatically incorporate applications, you can encounter errors that are caused by the applications rather than the operating system. To reduce application errors significantly, you should prepare in advance as follows:
- Inventory the applications on the network.
- Investigate the compatibility of the applications with Microsoft and the manufacturers.
- Test the applications.
- Resolve application compatibility issues and incorporate the resolutions in the installation process.
- Test hotfixes, service packs, and application updates.
- Incorporate hotfixes, service packs, and application updates into the installation process.
- Create standard software images so that all users have identical application installations.
Strip the PCBack when we device drivers for your computer into the Setup program. If you encountered an error, you checked your resources and pin settings, and then started over again because there was no such thing as a Recovery Console.How times have changed! With today's hardware automatically detected by Plug and Play, there is much less hardware tweaking needed. You'd think that would make installation easier, but, unfortunately, that's not always the case.There are currently hundreds of different types of devices that can be attached to various brands of computers, with thousands of different configurations and millions of lines of operating system code that is supposed to recognize every possible hardware combination and make it all work together seamlessly with whichever version of device driver it happens to have available to it.The fact is that errors abound and the methods of resolving or working around them to have a functioning PC are convoluted at best. So, the best way to resolve a problem with the operating system installation is to strip the PC. Remove every unnecessary hardware component, including detaching the printer, and take out any extra network adapters. This can greatly help you successfully install Windows XP Professional on a PC. After you have Windows XP installed and running, you can then add each component back to the computer, one at a time, rebooting and testing the computer between each device installation. If the first hardware component checks out okay, add a second, retest, and then go on to the third. Continue this for all devices. At some point, you will either discover the errant component or be able  |
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