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Typical Formats
In the world of nonlinear editing, a large and ever-growing number of formats are available for both online and offline editing. However, they can be broken down into three groups: standard definition video (SD), high definition video (HD), and data files from a film scanner.
Standard Definition (SD)
Standard definition video is the bulk of the transmission or delivery infrastructure into our homesfor example, cable TV or antennae. In North America and Japan, this analog format is known as NTSC (National Television Standards Committee); in most other regions, it's known as PAL (Phase Alternating Line); and in France and Russia, it's known as SECAM (SEquential Couleur Avec Mémoire). For the purposes of these chapters, we will discuss NTSC and PAL because these transmissions constitute the majority. (See the section on frame rates and standards in Lesson 7 for more information.)PAL and NTSC have different aspect ratios and frame rates. Arming yourself with detailed technical information about the broadcast standards of each of these formats and understanding their differences will greatly assist you in the design of your project workflow. NTSC analog video, when translated or encoded into its digital uncompressed format (referred to as D1), has a frame size of 720 x 486 pixels running at 29.97 frames per second (fps) non-drop frame (NDF), and it is also known as 30 fps drop-frame (DF). (See the section on timecode DF versus NDF in Lesson 7 for more information). PAL and its uncompressed digital format has a frame size of 720 x 576 pixels running at 25 fps.Assuming a 10-bit sample depth, the D1 NTSC video data rate is 27 MB/second (megabytes per second) and can be considered unwieldy because of its large file digital video (DV). You find this codec on consumer and prosumer mini DV tape formats. DV25 codec was developed in conjunction with IEEE-1394, or FireWire, and takes advantage of the FireWire architecture. (For more on codecs and compression , see Lesson 7, and for more on FireWire, see Lesson 9.) Many Final Cut Pro users will work with some form of DV via FireWire; it's fast becoming the de facto standard for nonlinear editing.
High Definition (HD)
High definition is increasingly available to residential consumers via satellite TV, digital cable TV, and over antennae. Although HD TV comes in many forms and formats, the two most common formats are 720p and 1080i. 720p has a frame size of 1280 x 720 running at 24, 30, or 60 fps progressive scan; 1080i has a frame size of 1920 x 1080 running at 59.94 fps interlaced scan. (See Lesson 7 for more details.)Although HD formats offer increased spatial resolution over SD, it's increasingly common that 720p 24 replaces film acquisition for video delivery due to its film-like qualities (progressive scan and film frame rate). 1080i 59.94 with its increased temporal resolution is more appropriate for fast motion sporting events acquisition.Final Cut Pro supports many established HD formats and will probably support new formats as they are introduced. HD formats come in a vast array, so prior to making your final acquisition or post-facility decision (whichever may come first), make sure that all the post-production facilities you plan to use are compatible. Remember that not all formats are supported in all locations, and a particular format may require specific playback equipment.
Data Files
Data files are created when you scan a film negative with a film scanner. These data files are most often used in a process called a digital intermediate, or DI. EDL (edit decision list) or cut list for your negative cutter to complete the finished film. (See Lessons 4 and 6 for more information.)
