The Ahulbayt in Quran [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

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The Ahulbayt in Quran [Electronic resources] - نسخه متنی

Majd Ali Abbas

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Who are Ahlul-Bayt? (Part II)








In the previous part, three authentic versions of "The Tradition
of Cloak/Mantle" (Hadith al-Kisaa) reported in Sahih Muslim
and Sahih al-Tirmidhi, and Mustadrak al-Hakim.




In these traditions
three wives of the Prophet testified that the Prophet (PBUH&HF)
specified that the Members of his House (in his lifetime) are
restricted to his daughter Fatimah (AS), her husband Ali (AS)
and their two sons: al-Hasan (AS), and al-Husain (AS).




Also according
to the quoted traditions, the purification sentence in Quran (the
last sentence of Verse 33:33) was revealed for their virtue and
NOT for the wives of the Prophet (PBUH&HF).




Now, let us see
what the Messenger of Allah used to do for quite sometime after
the revelation of the verse:




The Long-Term Custom of the Prophet After the Revelation of the
Purification Verse




It has been widely narrated that after the revelation of the purification
verse of Quran (Ayah al-Tat'hir), the Messenger of Allah used
to recited this verse at the door of the House of Fatimah and
Ali before EVERY prayer when people were gathering to pray with
the Messenger of Allah.




He continued this practice for many months
simply to show the people who his Ahlul-Bayt are.




Anas Ibn Malik
narrated:




The Messenger of Allah (PBUH&HF), from the time the revelation
of "Verily Allah intends to.






(the last part of Verse 33:33)"
and for six (6) months thereafter, stood by the door of the House
of Fatimah and said: "Time for Prayer Ahlul-Bayt; No doubt!
Allah wished to remove all abomination from you and make you pure
and spotless.
"




Sunni references:








Sahih al-Tirmidhi, v12, p85




Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, v3, p258




Mustadrak, by al-Hakim, v3, p158



who wrote this tradition
is authentic as per the criteria of Muslim and Bukhari




Tafsir al-Durr al-Manthoor, by al-Suyuti, v5, pp 197,199




Tafsir Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, v22, pp 5,6 (saying seven month)




Tafsir Ibn Kathir, v3, p483




Musnad, by al-Tiyalasi, v8, p274




Usdul Ghabah, by Ibn al-Athir, v5, p146








Abu al-Hamra narrated:





"The Messenger of God continued eight (8) months in Medina,
coming to the door of Ali at every morning prayer, putting his
two hands on the two sides of the door and exclaiming : "Assalat!
Assalat! (prayer! prayer!) Certainly God ward off all uncleanness
from you, O Members of the House of Muhammad, and to make you
pure and spotless.
"








Sunni references:








Tafsir al-Durr al-Manthoor, by al-Suyuti, v5, pp 198-199




Tafsir Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, v22, p6




Tafsir Ibn Kathir, v3, p483




Dhakha'ir al-Uqba, by Muhibbuddin al-Tabari, p24 on the authority
of Anas Ibn Malik




Isti'ab, by Ibn Abd al-Barr, v5, p637




Usdul Ghabah, by Ibn al-Athir, v5, p146




Majma' al-Zawa'id, by al-Haythami, v9, pp 121,168




Mushkil al-Athar, by al-Tahawi, p338








Also Ibn Abbas (RA) narrated:





"We have witnessed the Messenger of God for nine (9) months
coming to the door of Ali, son of Abu Talib, at the time of each
prayer and saying: 'Assalamu Alaykum Wa Rahmatullah Ahlul-Bayt
(Peace and Mercy of God be upon you, O Members of the House).




Certainly God wants only to keep away all the evil from you, Members
of the House, and purify you with a thorough purification.




' He
did this seven times a day
.
"








Sunni reference:



al-Durr al-Manthoor, by al-Hafidh al-Suyuti,
v5, p198




In Majma' al-Zawa'id and exegesis of Suyuti it has been quoted
from Abu Said Khudri with a variation in words that:





For forty days the Holy Prophet approached the house of Fatimah
Zahra every morning and used to say: 'Peace be upon you O people
of the House! The time for the prayers has come'.




And thereafter
he used to recite this verse: O people of the Prophet's House.





And then said: 'I am in a state of war with him who fights
with you and am in a state of peace with him who is at peace with
you
'.











Sunni references:








Tafsir al-Durr al-Manthoor, by al-Hafidh al-Suyuti, v5, p199




Majma' al-Zawa'id, by al-Haythami, v9, pp 121,168








He repeated this openly at the time of each prayer so as to demonstrate
the meaning of this verse verbally as well as practically and
he explained it to his followers on the lines of the sacred verse:
"We have revealed the Quran to you so that you could tell
the people what has been revealed to them and that perhaps they
will think.




(Quran 16:44)" This concept became well known
among the people and even the companions of the Holy Prophet argued
on its basis on behalf of the Holy Prophet's family:




Those Who Protested based on the Purification Verse to Prove the
Virtues of the Holy Family







Imam al-Hasan Ibn Ali (AS)







al-Hakim (in al-Mustadrak) in connection with the attainments
of Imam al-Hasan, and al-Haythami (in connection with the excellence
of the Holy Family) have narrated that Imam al-Hasan (AS) addressed
the people after the martyrdom of his father Imam Ali Ibn Abi
Talib (AS) and said during his speech:



O People! Whoever knows me, knows me and whoever doesn't know
me should know that I am al-Hasan Ibn Ali; I am the son of the
Holy Prophet and of his executor (Wasi).




I am the son him who
invited people to Allah and warned them of the torture of His
Hell-fire.




I am the son of the luminous Lamp.




I belong to the
family upon whom Gabriel used to descend and from there ascend
to heavens.




I belong to the family from whom Allah has ward off
all filth and made them pure.






Sunni references:








al-Mustadrak, by al-Hakim, v3, p172




Majma' al-Zawa'id, by al-Haythami, v9, p172





It has been narrated in Majma' al-Zawa'id and Tafsir Ibn Kathir
that:



After his father's martyrdom when (Imam) al-Hasan attained the
Caliphate, one day while he was performing his prayers, a man
attacked him and thrust a sword in his thigh.




He remained confined
to bed for some months.




Thereafter, he recovered and delivered
a sermon and said: "O People of Iraq! Fear Allah.




We are
your Amirs (leaders) and your guests and belong to the family
about whom Almighty Allah has said: 'O People of the Prophet's
House.







' Imam al-Hasan dwelt on this subject so much that all
those present in the Mosque began to cry.


"



Sunni references:








Majma' al-Zawa'id, by al-Haythami, v9, p172




Tafsir Ibn Kathir, v3, p486




This tradition has also been quoted by al-Tabarani and others








Ummul Mu'minin, Umm Salama (RA)




In Mushkil al-Athar, al-Tahawi has quoted Umrah al-Hamdaniyyah
as saying:



I went to Umm Salama and greeted her.




She inquired: "Who
are you?" I replied: "I am Umrah Hamdaniyyah.




"
Umrah says, "I said O mother of the Faithful! Say something
about the man who has been killed among us today.




One group of
the people like him and another group is inimical towards him,"
(He meant Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib).




Umm Salama said, "Do you
like him or are you hostile to him?" I replied, "I neither
like him nor I am hostile to him.




" [Here the narrative is
defective and thereafter it is like this:] Umm Salama began to
tell about the revelation of the verse of Tat'hir and said in
this behalf: "Allah revealed the verse: O People of the Prophet's
House.










There was none in the room at that time, except Gabriel,
the Holy Prophet, Ali, Fatimah, al-Hasan and al-Husain.




I said:
'O Prophet of Allah! Am I too one of the people of the House?'
He replied: 'Allah will reward you and recompense you.




' I wished
that he might have said 'Yes' and would have valued such a reply
much more than anything else in the world.


'



Sunni reference:

Mushkil al-Athar, by al-Tahawi, v1, p336




Ahmad in Musnad; Tabari in his exegesis and al-Tahawi in Mushkil
al-Athar have quoted Shahr Ibn Haushab, to have said:



When the news of the martyrdom of al-Husain reached Medina I heard
Umm Salama, wife of the Holy Prophet, saying: "They have
killed al-Husain.




I myself observed that the Holy Prophet spread
his Khaibari cloak on them and said: 'O Allah! These are the members
of my family! Ward off any uncleanness from them and keep them
clean and pure!'"



Sunni references:








Musnad, by Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, v6, p298




Tafsir al-Kabir, by Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, v22, p6




Mushkil al-Athar, by al-Tahawi, v1, p335








Ibn Abbas (RA)




Ahmad, al-Nisa'i, Muhibbuddin, and al-Haythami have reported (the
wording being of Ahmad's Musnad):



'Amr Ibn Maimoon said: "I was with Ibn Abbas when nine persons
came to him and said: 'Ibn Abbas! Either come out with us or provide
us privacy.




' He said: 'I shall go out with you.




' In those days
the eyes of Ibn Abbas were all right and he could see.




They had
mutual conversation and I am not aware as to what they talked
about.




After some time Ibn Abbas returned to us.




He was then shaking
off his dress saying: 'Fie be upon them! They are talking about
the man who enjoys ten excellences.




' [Later in the narration Ibn
Abbas details the virtues of the Imam till he says:] 'The Holy
Prophet spread his cloak upon Ali, al-Hasan and al-Husain and
said: O People of the Prophet's House! Allah intends to keep you
pure from all sorts of uncleanness and blemish and to purify you
with a thorough purification.


'



Sunni references:








Musnad, by Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, v1, p331 (First edition)







al-Riyadh al-Nadhirah, by Muhibbuddin al-Tabari, v2, p269




Majma' al-Zawa'id, by al-Haythami, v9, p119








Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqas




In al-Khasa'is, al-Nisa'i has quoted Amir Ibn Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqas
as saying:


Muawiyah said to Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqas, "Why do you refrain
from abusing Abu Turab?" Sa'd said, "I don't abuse Ali
for three attributes of his which I heard from the Holy Prophet.




If even one of them had been for me, I would have valued it much
more than anything else on earth.




I heard from the Holy Prophet
that When he left Imam Ali as his representative in Medina and
proceeded to fight a battle, Ali said: 'Are you leaving me with
the women and the children in Medina?' The Holy Prophet replied:
'Don't you like that your position vis-a-vis me should be like
that of Aaron (Haroon) with Moses.




You enjoy the same position
in regard to me as Aaron enjoyed with Moses.




' On the fateful day
of Khaibar, too, I heard the Holy Prophet as saying: 'Tomorrow
I shall give the standard (of the army) to one who loves Allah
and His Prophet and Allah and His Prophet also love him'.




All
of us were keen to be graced and singled out in the face of this
declaration and wished that the standard might be in our hands.




In the meantime the Holy Prophet said: 'Bring Ali to me.




' Ali
came in such a condition that he had some trouble in his eyes.




The Holy Prophet applied the saliva of his mouth to (Imam) Ali's
eyes and gave the standard in his hand.




Moreover, when the verse
of Tat'hir was revealed, the Holy Prophet called Ali, Fatimah,
al-Hasan and al-Husain near himself and said: 'O Allah! These
are the People of my House.


'



Sunni references:








al-Khasa'is, by al-Nisa'i, p4




A fairly similar narration is given in Sahih Muslim, English
version, Chapter CMXCVI (Virtues of Ali), p1284, Tradition #5916





Also al-Tabari, Ibn Kathir, al-Hakim, and al-Tahawi have quoted
from Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqas that:



At the time of the revelation of the verse, the Holy Prophet called
Ali along with his two sons and Fatimah and accommodated them
under his own cloak and said: 'O Lord! These are the members of
my family'.






Sunni references:








Tafsir al-Kabir, by Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, v22, p7




Tafsir Ibn Kathir, v3, p485




al-Mustadrak, by al-Hakim, v3, p147




Mushkil al-Athar, by al-Tahawi, v1, p336; v2, p33




History of al-Tabari, Arabic version, v5, p31








Abu Sa'id al-Khudri




It narrated on that:



Abu Sa'id al-Khudri: I heard the Messenger of Allah saying: "This
verse has been revealed about five individuals: Myself, Ali, al-Hasan,
al-Husain, and Fatimah.


"



Sunni references:








Tafsir Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, v22, p5, under the verse 33:33




Dhakha'ir al-Uqba, Muhibbuddin al-Tabari, p24




al-Sawa'iq al-Muhriqah, by Ibn Hajar, Ch.




11, section 1, p221




Majma' al-Zawa'id, by al-Haythami








Wathilah Ibn Asqa'




al-Tabari while commenting on the verse 33:33, Ahmad Ibn Hanbal,
al- Hakim who considers the tradition to be authentic according
to the criteria of Muslim and al-Bukhari, also Bayhaqi, al-Tahawi,
and Haythami quote Abu Ammar as having said (the wording is of
al-Tabari):



I was sitting with Wathilah Ibn Asqa' when a discussion took place
about Ali and the people abused him.




When those present rose to
leave he said to me: 'Keep sitting so that I may talk with you
about the man whom they have been abusing.




I was with the Holy
Prophet when Ali, Fatimah, al-Hasan and al-Husain approached him
and the Holy Prophet spread his cloak on them and said: "O
Allah! These are the members of my family.




Ward off every uncleanness
from them and keep them clean and pure.


"



Sunni references:








Tafsir al-Kabir, by Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, v22, p6




al-Mustadrak, by al-Hakim, v2, p416; v3, p417




Musnad, by Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, v6, p107




Majma' al-Zawa'id, by al-Haythami, v9, p167




Mushkil al-Athar, by al-Tahawi, v1, p346




Sunan, al-Bayhaqi, v2, p152





Also Ibn al-Athir quoted Shaddad Ibn Abdullah saying:



I heard from Wathilah Ibn Asqa' that when the head of (Imam) al-Husain
was brought, one of the Syrians abused (Imam) al-Husain and his
father, Wathilah stood up and said: "I swear by Allah that
ever since I heard the Holy Prophet say about them: 'O People
of the Prophet's House! Allah intends to keep you pure from uncleanness
and blemish and to purify you with a thorough purification,' I
have always loved Ali, Fatimah, al-Hasan and al-Husain (Peace
be upon them).


'



Sunni reference: Usdul Ghabah, by Ibn al-Athir, v2, p20







Ali Ibn al-Husain, Zain al-Abideen (AS)




While commenting on the verse 33:33, al-Tabari, Ibn Kathir and
al-Suyuti have stated in their exegesis:



Ali Ibn Husain said to a Syrian: "Have you read this verse
in Surah al-Ahzab, O people of the House! Allah intends to keep
you pure from blemish and to purify you with a thorough purification
(Quran 33:33)?"




The Syrian said: "Does this verse pertain to you?" The
Imam replied: "Yes, it pertains to us.


"



Sunni references:








Tafsir al-Kabir, by Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, v22, p7




Tafsir Ibn Kathir, v3, p486




Tafsir al-Durr al-Manthoor, by al-Hafidh al-Suyuti, v5, p199





al-Kharazmi has quoted this very narration in his Maqtal in the
following words:



When, after the martyrdom of (Imam) al-Husain the grandson of
the Holy Prophet, (Imam) Zain al-Abideen and other prisoners belonging
to the House of the Holy Prophet were carried to Damascus and
stationed in a jail located by the side of the Grand Mosque of
Damascus, an old man approached them and said: "Praised be
Allah who killed you and annihilated you and relieved the people
from your men and provided the Commander of the Faithful (Yazid)
with authority over you.




" Ali Ibn al-Husain said: "O
old man! Have you read the Holy Quran?" He replied: "Yes.


"


Then the Imam said: "Have you read the verse: Muhammad! 'Say,
I do not ask you of any reward for my preaching except the love
of my kinsfolk'?" The old man said: "Yes.


I have read
it.


"




The Imam said: "Have you read the verse: 'So give what is
due to the near ones, the needy and the wayfarer.




' and the verse:
'Know that whatever (income) you gain, one fifth belongs to Allah,
the Messenger, his near ones, orphans the needy and the wayfarers,
if you believe in Allah and what We revealed to Our servant in
the Holy Quran'?" The old man replied: "Yes.


I have
read them.


"




The Imam said: "I swear by Allah that the word 'near ones'
refers to us and these verses have been revealed about us.




(The
Imam added): And have you also read this verse in the Holy Quran
wherein Allah says: 'O people of the Prophet's House.










' (33:33)?"
The old man said: "Yes.


I have read it".




The Imam said:
"What is meant by people of the Prophet's House! It is we
whom Allah has especially associated with the verse of Tat'hir
(purification).


"




The old man said: "I ask you by Allah! Are you of the same
family?" The Imam replied: "I swear by my grandfather
the Prophet of Allah that we are the same people.


"




The old man was stunned and expressed regret for what he had said.




Then he raised his head towards the sky and said: "O Allah!
I ask forgiveness for what I have said, and forsake enmity against
this family and hate the enemies of the progeny of Muhammad.


"



Sunni reference: Maqtal al-Husain, by al-Khateeb al-Kharazmi




End of Part 2 of 8




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