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Device Installation
In Windows 2000 Professional, how you install a device depends on whether the device and the computer are Plug and Play–compliant. To take full advantage of Plug and Play technology, a computer needs the following:
Plug and Play operating system (Windows 2000 Professional).Plug and Play BIOS or ACPI BIOS.Plug and Play hardware devices with drivers.
The Plug and Play components perform the following tasks:
Identify the devices.Determine the device resource requirements.Create a nonconflicting system configuration.Program the devices.Load the device drivers.Notify the system of a configuration change.
Windows 2000 Professional uses a large number of subsystems to control various classes of devices that identify logical device types, such as the display, keyboard, and network. For many devices, use Device Manager to make manual changes. Some devices can be configured using Control Panel options.
NOTE
Drivers that support features specific to Windows NT 4.0 or Windows 2000 are not compatible with Windows 98. The Win32 Driver Model (WDM) is designed to provide a bridge between Windows 98 and Windows 2000.
How Windows 2000 Professional Installs a Device
Windows 2000 Professional Setup performs an inventory of all devices on the computer and records the information about those devices in the registry. Setup gets configuration information for system devices from the INF file associated with each device and, with Plug and Play devices, from the device itself. When a new device is installed, Windows 2000 Professional uses the device ID to search Windows 2000 Professional INF files for an entry for that device. Windows 2000 Professional uses this information to create an entry for the device under the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE branch in the registry, and it copies the drivers needed. Then the registry entries are copied from the INF file to the driver's registry entry.When you need to install a new device, rely first on Windows 2000 Professional to detect and configure it. How you do so depends on what type of device you have, as the following list explains:
For Plug and Play–compliant devices, insert the device. For PCI and ISA Plug and Play cards, turn the computer off and then install the device. When you restart the computer, Windows 2000 Professional enumerates the device and starts the Plug and Play installation procedures automatically. For legacy devices, run the Add/Remove Hardware wizard and let Windows 2000 Professional detect the device. This requires administrator privileges.
Devices are installed after the user logs on to the computer. For more information about how Windows 2000 Professional detects devices, see "Setup and Startup" in this book. Whenever possible, choose new Plug and Play devices, even for a computer that does not have an ACPI BIOS, to gain some Plug and Play functionality.
IMPORTANT
Most Plug and Play devices can be installed without requiring administrator privileges, which reduces security and damage risks and benefits mobile and remote users.
If Plug and Play cannot configure a device and you are prompted to provide installation instructions, such as the location of the device driver, you need administrator privileges to complete the installation.
Using the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard
Windows 2000 Professional automatically installs and configures most Plug and Play–compliant devices. For devices that are not automatically configured, the Add/Remove Hardware wizard, shown in Figure 19.2, installs and configures legacy and Plug and Play devices that require installation information, such as the driver location.
Figure 19.2 Add/Remove Hardware Wizard
The Add/Remove Hardware wizard provides an easy way to install and configure non–Plug and Play devices that have not been automatically recognized by Windows 2000 Professional. To use the add/remove hardware wizard to install hardware:
In the Control Panel, double-click the Add/Remove Hardware icon, and then click Next. Click Add/Troubleshoot a device, and then click Next. The wizard now searches for new Plug and Play hardware.
If the wizard does not find a new device, it displays a list of the existing devices and gives you the option to troubleshoot any of them. You can select a device from the list to launch the Hardware Troubleshooter.
Installing Drivers
Many device drivers are installed with no user intervention. For example, with Point and Print, printer drivers can be automatically installed on a client computer by connecting to the print server's print queue.Drivers are installed without any user interface if certain conditions exist:
Installing the driver does not require showing a user interface. The driver package contains all of the files needed to complete the installation. The driver package has been digitally signed. No errors occur during the installation.
If any of these conditions are not met, the Plug and Play process is restarted and the user may need to respond to dialog boxes or messages. Manual installation of a driver requires administrator privileges.
Windows Update
Windows 2000 and Windows 98 users can install or update drivers from the Windows Update Web site. When a user accesses the Windows Update Web site, Microsoft® ActiveX® controls compare the drivers installed on the user's system with the latest updates available. If newer drivers are found, Windows Update downloads and installs them automatically. Drivers, including third-party drivers, are included on Windows Update only if they are digitally signed, meet certain Web publishing standards, and have passed the testing requirements for the Windows Logo Program. This ensures that the drivers offered to users from Windows Update are of the highest quality.You can access Windows Update directly through your browser, from the Start menu, from Device Manager, or from the Add Printer wizard. For more information about Windows Update, see the Windows Update link on the Web Resources page at Troubleshooting Tools and Strategies" in this book.
Driver Signing
Driver Signing is included in Windows to help promote driver quality by allowing Windows 2000 and Windows 98 to notify users if a driver has passed all Windows Hardware Quality Labs (WHQL) tests.WHQL tests drivers that run on Windows 98 or Windows 2000. The digital signature is associated with individual driver packages and is recognized by Windows 2000. This certification proves to users that a driver is identical to those Microsoft has tested and notifies users if a driver file has been changed since its inclusion on the Hardware Compatibility List. Driver Signing allows for following three responses:
Warn tells the user if the driver has not been signed and provides the option whether to install it. Block prevents all unsigned drivers from being installed. Ignore allows all drivers to be installed, even if they have not been signed.
The Warn mode is set by default.To set signature verification options
In Control Panel, double-click System. Click the Hardware tab, and then click Driver Signing. Under File signature verification, click the option for the level of signature verification that you want to set.
NOTE
If you are logged on as a member of the Administrators group, you can click Apply setting as system default to apply the selected setting as the default for all users who log on to this computer.
Using PC Cards
To take advantage of Plug and Play, a PC Card must contain information that Windows 2000 Professional can use to create a unique device ID for the card. This is called the card information structure (CIS). Device drivers can be implemented under three possible schemes:
A standard Plug and Play device driver for PC Card (the preferred driver) can handle dynamic configuration and removal, and receive configuration information from the operating system without knowledge of the card in the PC Card bus. The recommended choices are NDIS version 5.x drivers for network adapters and mini-port drivers for SCSI cards.Generic Windows 2000 Professional device drivers are supported automatically for devices such as modems and disk drives. If the card contains complete configuration information, the operating system initializes the device and passes the information to the driver.Manufacturer-supplied drivers are required for device classes that Windows 2000 Professional does not natively support and devices that are not supported by the standard drivers provided.
Windows 2000 Professional supports many PC Cards, including modems, network adapters, SCSI cards, and others. If Windows 2000 Professional includes supporting drivers for the PC Card and for the socket, installation and configuration is automatic. For more information, see Windows 2000 Professional Help and the PC Card Troubleshooter.
IMPORTANTTo verify that Windows 2000 Professional has properly detected your pc card socket
If you are using a network adapter, your PC Card socket driver and network driver both must be Plug and Play drivers.
In Control Panel, double-click System, click the Device Manager tab, and then click the Device Manager button. Look for a PC Card Socket listing.If Windows 2000 Professional has not detected a PC Card socket, your socket controller might not be supported by Windows 2000 Professional.
To find out if a pc card socket is supported
In Control Panel, double-click Add/Remove Hardware. On the first screen in the Add/Remove Hardware wizard, click Next. When the Add/Remove Hardware wizard asks you to choose a hardware task, select Add/Troubleshoot, and then click Next. From the list of devices that were detected, select PC Card Socket, and then click Next. Select the manufacturer for your device, and examine the Models list.
If your socket does not appear in the list, you might want to find out if this type of socket is supported. Most likely, if it did not install automatically, the socket type is not supported. Contact your independent hardware vendor (IHV) for a new driver.
