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The Keyboard
The keyboard isn't just for typing text. Experienced Windows users use keystrokes instead of the mouse to issue commands. Windows provides hundreds of
keyboard shortcuts that replicate almost every common mouse maneuver. You can use keyboard shortcuts to open, close, and navigate the Start menu, desktop, menus, windows, dialog boxes, programs, documents, and web pages.
In addition to keys for letters, numbers, and symbols, your keyboard has other types of keys:
Modifier keys alter the meaning of the other key(s) being pressed (Table 1.3 ).
Table 1.3. Modifier Keys
KEY PRESS TO
Shift
Type symbols or uppercase letters, or extend the selection when used with the mouse.
Ctrl
Modify the function of other keys. (Ctrl stands for Control.)
Alt
Access menus or modify the function of other keys. (Alt stands for Alternate.)
Function keys are the keys along the keyboard's top or left side labeled F1, F2, and so on. Their functions depend on the program that you're using.
Navigation keys scroll windows and move things around (Table 1.4 ).
Table 1.4. Navigation Keys
KEY PRESS TO
Home
Scroll to the beginning
End
Scroll to the end
Page Up
Scroll up one page or window
Page Down
Scroll down one page or window
Arrow keys
Scroll in that direction or change the insertion point
To use a keyboard shortcut:
1. Hold down the modifier key(s) Shift, Ctrl, or Alt.
2. Press the specified letter, number, symbol, or function key.
3. Release all the keys.
The Esc Key
The Esc (for
Escape ) key, at the keyboard's top-left corner, usually means "Never mind" or "Stop what you're doing." Press it to cancel commands, interrupt long processes, cancel dialog boxes, close menus, and dismiss message boxes. Sometimes Esc does nothing. Its exact function depends on the context and the active program.
Accommodating Disabled Users" in Chapter 4.
Modifier keys also work with mouse clicks.
To Shift+click:
Hold down Shift; then click before releasing the key.
To Shift+drag:
Hold down Shift; then drag and drop before releasing the key.
TipWindows also has
Ctrl+click ,
Alt+click ,
Ctrl+drag , and
Alt+drag commands for file operations.
Keyboard Tricks
If you were raised on IBM 84-key, nonstandard laptop, or ergonomic keyboards, you may be near madness from the placement of the Caps Lock, Ctrl, and Windows logo keys on standard 102-key keyboards.
PC Magazine 's TradeKeys utility ($6 U.S.; www.pcmag.com) lets you change, swap, or disable keyboard keys (including modifier keys) in almost any way. Different users can switch among different mappings quickly.
A few keyboard utilities automate repetitive typing and reduce errors:
ShortKeys ($20; www.shortkeys.com) lets you set up replacement text for keystrokes that you define. ShortKeys auto-replaces the keystrokes with the text as you type (like Word's AutoCorrect feature).
Keyboard Express ($25; www.keyboardexpress.com) lets you define keyboard
macros, which are keystroke sequences that run automatically.
Microsoft's IntelliType Pro (free; www.microsoft.com/hardware/keyboard/download.asp) works with some non-Microsoft keyboards too. Use it to reassign or disable keys, issue common commands, open programs and web pages, and more.
