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Windows
The Windows interface takes its trade-mark name from the rectangles on your screenthe windowsin which you work. Figure 1.34 shows a typical window with its parts labeled. When you work with Windows XP you'll have multiple (overlapping) windows open at the same time so that you can, say, alternate working with a word processor, email program, and web browser.
Figure 1.34. Your basic window.
Activating a window
Choosing a Desktop Theme" in Chapter 4.) An inactive window can be hidden partially or entirely behind another window, where it remains inactive until you bring it to the foreground.
Figure 1.35. You can tell which window is active by looking for the darker color of the title barthe center one, in this case.
Chapter 6.
Resizing, moving, and closing windows
You can maximize a window to the size of your whole screen (Figure 1.36 ), minimize it to a button on the taskbar (Figure 1.37 ), or restore it to a free-floating rectangle on your screen (Figure 1.38 ). To adjust the size of a restored window, drag its corners or edges.
Figure 1.36. A maximized window reduces the need for scrolling but hides other windows. When a window is maximized, its Maximize button changes to the Restore button.
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Figure 1.37. A minimized window reduces screen clutter and reveals other windows lurking in the background.
Figure 1.38. You can resize or move a restored window to work with multiple windows conveniently. When a window is restored, its Restore button changes to the Maximize button.
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To maximize a window: If the window is minimized, right-click its taskbar button; then choose Maximize (Figure 1.39 ).
Figure 1.39. Right-clicking a taskbar icon displays its control menu.
) or double-click its title bar.or If the window is restored, activate it; press Alt+spacebar; then press X.To minimize a window: Click its Minimize button (
).or Activate the window; press Alt+spacebar; then press N.To restore a window: Right-click its taskbar button; then choose Restore.or If the window is maximized, click its Restore button (
) or double-click its title bar.or If the window is maximized, press Alt+spacebar; then press R.Managing Windows by Using the Taskbar" in Chapter 2.Some utility programs, such as Calculator and Character Map, can't be maximized or resized.
To move a window: Drag its title bar (Figure 1.40 ).
Figure 1.40. The title bar provides convenient ways to move and resize a window: Drag it to move the window, or double-click it to alternate between restored and maximized states.
TipsYou can move only restored windows, not maximized or minimized windows.You can move a window so that a portion of it lies off the screen's edge.To close a window: Click its Close button (
).or Right-click its taskbar button; then click Close.or Double-click the icon at the far-left end of the title bar.or Press Alt+F4.or Activate the window; press Alt+spacebar; then press C.or Choose File > Close to close the file or File > Exit to quit the application, whichever is appropriate. (This distinction between Close and Exit isn't consistent across programs.)You'll be prompted to save any unsaved work. TipsIn Windows Explorer, Internet Explorer, and some other programs, closing a window quits the program entirely.The desktop itself is a window open under all other windows; you "close" it by logging off or shutting down.Many programs, such as Word and Adobe Photoshop, let you have more than one document open at the same time. Each document window has its own title bar and dedicated controls, letting you work in it without affecting other windows (Figure 1.41 ).Figure 1.41. If a document window is maximized, its window controls appear directly below the program's window controls.
Scrolling
If a window is too small to display all its contents, scroll bars appear. A scroll bar is a vertical or horizontal bar at the side or bottom of a window that you can move with the mouse to slide that window's contents around.A scroll bar has three components: scroll arrows at its ends for moving incrementally, a sliding scroll box for moving to an arbitrary location, and the scroll-bar shaft (gray background) for jumping by one window at a time (Figure 1.42 ).
Figure 1.42. The size of a scroll box is proportional to the fraction of the window contents displayed, so the scroll box indicates visually how much you
can't see, as well as showing you where you are.[View full size image]
TipsIf your mouse has a wheel, you often can scroll up or down by turning it.In many programs you can press Ctrl+Home and Ctrl+End to go to a document's beginning or end. If yours won't, the fastest way to scroll is to drag the scroll box to the top or bottom of the scroll bar.In Windows Explorer, Internet Explorer, Notepad, and some other programs, you can right-click anywhere on a scroll bar to show a navigation shortcut menu.Holding down the mouse button on a scroll arrow or shaft auto-repeats the scrolling behavior. (If you lean on the shaft for more than a few seconds, Windows can lose track of video memory, and the window contents will appear distorted or sliced up before Windows recovers.)You can use the mysterious Scroll Lock key for keyboard scrolling. When Scroll Lock is toggled on (its keyboard indicator is lit) and you press a navigation key, some programs scroll the view without affecting the cursor or selection.Automatic Scrolling
Many programs scroll automatically in the following situations:When you drag highlighted text or graphics near the window's edge, the area scrolls in the direction of the drag.When you extend a highlighted selection by dragging past an edge, the area scrolls in the direction of the drag (sometimes at high velocities).When you drag an object past the edge of a scrollable window, the area auto-scrolls at a speed proportional to how far past the edge you drag.When you tab to a text box or type or paste text into a partially hidden text box, the form auto-scrolls to reveal the whole box.Using Find, Replace, or a similar command auto-scrolls to show the matching selection or new cursor location.
