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What Complexity Is Not
What is complexity? Certainly ordered systems where every point in time and space looks like every other point are not complex. Also, it does not make sense to talk about complexity when the system is random, and each point in space is complete, uncorrelated with any other point.-Per Bak, How Nature Works
One way of exploring the concept of complexity is to examine what complexity is not. According to physicist Per Bak, a complex system can't be too orderly, where the system has the same behavior from moment to moment. At the same time, a system can't be completely chaotic, where each moment of the system's operation only randomly corresponds to the next moment. When Bak refers to the points in time and space of a system, he is talking about the way that the system is organized over time. Looking at how the relationships in the system change from moment to moment can help determine whether the system is exhibiting complex behavior. For example, imagine the non-complex cases as a television screen. A television that is not receiving power or a signal of any kind would have a completely black screen. Every pixel would.be identically black from moment to moment ("every point intime and space looks like every other point"). On the other to do with the color of that dot at the next moment, or the color of any other dots ("each point uncorrelated with any other point").In contrast, imagine a diagrammatic display of the messenger communication system. The screen would display some static elements (the buildings), but the messengers would move from point to point on the screen as they navigate between the buildings, picking up and dropping off mail, and meetingbetween buildings to swap messages. Unlike a completely fixed or completely random set of points, the display would have a logic and rhythm, as the messengers moved in patterns through the space. The unpredictable but patterned visualization of these complex behavioral sequences would be a reflection of the genuinely complex system underneath.
