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Game Theory and Game Design
Game theory is a curious thing. It promises to be a detailed theory of decision making in a game context. At the same time, its relationship to real-world games seems incidental: the "games" that game theory studies are far removed from the kinds of games that most game designers would like to create. Does that mean that game theory is irrelevant to game design? Absolutely not. This schema on Games as Game Theory Systems, like most of our other RULES-based schema, borrows concepts and theories from disciplines that make a formal study of systems. Like systems theory, complexity theory, information theory, and cybernetics, game theory was not created in order to assist in the game design process. But that doesn't mean that it isn't relevant to designers.
Decision trees that mark out a game's formal space of possibility; utility that measures the desire of a player for a given game outcome; saddle points that erase meaningful play—game theory is rife with connections to some of our core design concepts. Game theory games are microcosms for game design problems, an opportunity to plot out a simple decision in great detail and appreciate the complexity that even elementary moments of choice can generate. Game theory, as a formal approach to understanding decisions, is an extremely useful game design tool. The rules of games constitute systems of incredible subtlety and complexity. As a design discipline with a very young history, game design must turn to these more established ways of thinking in order to try and make sense of the phenomena of games. Perhaps as the field matures, the theoretical borrowings that take place in this book will be replaced by more game-centric schools of thought. At least, we certainly hope so.
