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Further Reading
Cracking the Maze: Game Plug-ins and Patches as Hacker Art, Anne-Marie Schleiner, curator <http://switch.sjsu.edu/CrackingtheMaze/ >In 1999, Anne-Marie Schleiner curated an online exhibition of game patches, mods, and game plug-ins. Most of the game modifications were produced by artists, and many had socio-political agendas. The online archive has visual examples of a range of artist-produced patches, downloads of the patches, and several good introductory essays on issues of cultural representation in games and the practice of tactical media intervention. Game Girl Advance, <www.gamegirladvance.com> The Game Girl Advance website is a journalistic website addressing the culture of digital games. Resisting content of standard commercial game sites, Game Girl Advance features short essays on topics such as the gender politics of gaming conferences or how games personally impact the lives of players. Although there are many grassroots alternative game news sites on the web, Game Girl Advance distinguishes itself with smart writing that is both culturally critical and industry-savvy.
Subculture: The Meaning of Style, by Dick Hebdige Hebdige investigates subcultures as systems of meaning, particularly subcultures like Punk and the Teddy Boys, that resist larger cultural institutions. These systems, like games, create their own boundaries within which forms, behaviors, and actions gain meaning separate from, but connected to the real world. He explores style as a system of communication, a stylized, symbolic, and interactive language borne from the "rules" of the system. Although Hebdige is speaking from a Marxist, structuralist, and semiotic perspective, his approach is quite applicable to the study of games. Recommended:
Introduction: Subculture and Style Chapter 1: From Culture to Hegemony Chapter 7: Style as Intentional Communication Chapter 8: Style as Homology Textual Poachers: Television Fans and Participatory Culture, by Henry Jenkins (see page 553) Recommended: Chapter 5: Scribbling in the Margins Chapter 7:"Layers of Meaning": Fan Music Videos and the Poetics of Poaching
