Conflict is an intrinsic element of every game. The conflict in a game emerges from within the magic circle as players struggle to achieve the goals of a game.
Game conflict comes in many forms. Conflict can be individual or team-based, cooperative or non-cooperative, direct or indirect. Many games mix and match forms of conflict within a single game structure.
The forms of conflict occurring within a game are a direct outgrowth of its rules. One way of framing a game's space of possibility is that it is a space of possible forms of conflict. Players take part not just in the forms of conflict that the game design proscribes, but will also find their own forms as well.
All games are competitive in that players struggle against each other or against a game system as they play.Without this sense of competition, meaningful play would be difficult because players would not be able to judge their progress through the space of possibility of a game.
All games are cooperative, in that playing a game means engaging with the shared meanings of the game, "speaking the language" of the game with other players in order to play.
Systemic cooperation refers to the fundamental, discursive cooperation that is intrinsic to all games. Player cooperation refers to games in which players all work together to achieve the goal. Not all games exhibit player cooperation.
The goal of a game is a fundamental element that shapes the game's formal structure. The goal is at once that toward which players strive, while also that which represents the end or symbolic death of a game.
Shaping victory and loss conditions is an important component of game design. Victory and loss conditions directly shape the possible outcomes of a game.
Game conflict is premised on a level playing field where all players have an equal chance of winning. A truly equitable game is virtually never possible in the real world, creating an intrinsic tension in regards to the fairness of any game. Players will generally refuse to play a game they perceive to be unfair.
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