The schema Games as Open Culture is based on two premises: first, as open systems, play occurs on the level of culture; second, games exchange meaning with their surrounding contexts.
Transformative cultural play occurs when the open system quality of a game leads to an exchange between the meanings of a game and culture at large, changing the context of the game.
The player-as-producer paradigm is a design approach and social phenomenon in which players are given the opportunity to act as creative producers within the system of the game, modifying it on formal, experiential, or cultural levels.
When players become producers, their activities are a form of metagaming, as they interact with the game outside the bounds of the magic circle.
Player-producers have the potential to create entirely new contexts for play, an emergent property of games as open culture. These new contexts themselves can encourage new play experiences, creating instances of transformative play.
Open source is a software development model with two important features that support user-centered production: first, code is written as an open system available for modification and exchange by a community of designers; second, the source code is always available and freely shared.
The qualities of open culture games are similar to the fundamental features of open source software. They are: non-hierarchical, openly accessible, non-guided, and emergent.
Player-produced modifications can occur in one of two ways: production occurring within the magic circle moving outward (inside > out), or production taking place within culture that moves inward to affect the game (outside > in).
Game systems are sets of components that can be used to play different games. Game systems can be digital (an open source game engine) or non-digital (a set of physical game materials).
Machinima are animated movies created with game engine technology.
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