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Further Reading
"Beyond the Rules of the Game: Why are Rookie Rules Nice?" by Linda A. Hughes An excellent case study of children playing Foursquare and the differences they hold between ideal rules and "real" rules. "Real" rules refer to the actual rules children make use of, rather than the rules they are supposed use. Hughes' study reveals the close connection between games and the social contexts in which they are played, and helps to identify how social relationships between players dramatically impact the enactment of a formal systems of rules.
Children's Folklore: A Source Book, Brian Sutton-Smith, Jay Mechling, Thomas W. Johnson, and Felicia R. McMahon, eds. A collection of essays from fields as far ranging as American studies, folklore, anthropology, psychology, sociology, and education, focusing on interactions among children at play. The essays include case studies, historical surveys, and methodological treatises on the study of play and children. Several of the essays offer excellent explorations of the interactions that emerge from the context of play, and offer insight into different forms of pleasure and social play engendered by games. Recommended:
"Overview: Methods in Children's Folklore," Brian Sutton-Smith "Double Dutch and Double Cameras," Ann Richman Beresin "Urban Schoolyard," Ann Richman Beresin "Children's Games and Gaming," Linda A. Hughes "Hearts, Clubs, Diamonds, Spades: Players Who Suit MUDs," by Richard Bartle <http://www.mud.co.uk/richard/hcds> In this online essay, Bartle creates a taxonomy outlining four approaches to playing MUDs. Different player types interact with each other and with the game world in different ways toward radically distinct ends, and Bartle outlines how to build and manage communities to encourage particular player types. His essay is useful in considering the kinds of social interactions and play styles games encourage, especially in online multiplayer games. The Moral Judgment of the Child, by Jean Piaget Piaget's study of "the rules of the game" of Marbles draws a parallel between the cognitive development that allows children to play and understand games and the moral development by which children learn to distinguish right and wrong. Piaget focuses on the qualities of rules handed down from one group of children to another, and tracks the changing attitudes of children toward the authority of these rules. Recommended:
The Rules of the Game, chapters 1–6
